Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 relevant study has unresolved authoritative design evidence and does not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

1 supporting study does not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

1 study contains conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Twelve group-based sessions and two individual counselling sessions over 12 months, delivered by trained community volunteers

Co-HELP community-based lifestyle intervention

Usual care

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid confidence interval.

Community lifestyle programme improves multiple diabetes risk factors in adults with prediabetes

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

6-h session at baseline followed by 3-h refresher sessions at 12 and 24 mo; 15-min telephone call every 3 mo

Let's Prevent Diabetes programme (intervention)

Standard care

Engagement in a prediabetes education programme is linked to lower type 2 diabetes risk

Source evidence could not be resolved sufficiently for this field.

Standard Care

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: design, risk_of_bias.

Participants underwent a 24-month lifestyle intervention to improve glucose metabolism.

Intensive Lifestyle Intervention

A total of 413 participants were enrolled in TULIP, with 357 undergoing 9 months of intensive lifestyle intervention and 300 completing the full intervention after 24 months.

Participants in other clusters not receiving the intensive intervention.

We focused on cluster 3 and 5 participants, as they have the highest risk of progression to type 2 diabetes and compared them with participants in the other clusters.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: p value significance conflict.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: source evidence unresolved.

Weight loss intervention linked to diabetes risk in high-risk groups

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 of 2 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described adult participants.

2 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, usual_care.

2 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

3 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 1 studies with type 1 diabetes, 1 studies with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: other, usual_care.

3 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, usual_care.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: placebo, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 6 of 6 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 1 studies with type 1 diabetes, 1 studies with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

3 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

3 of 6 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

2 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo, unknown_unresolved.

2 of 4 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

4 of 4 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 7 of 7 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 4 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

3 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, placebo, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

2 studies contain conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: placebo, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 9 of 9 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 4 studies with type 1 diabetes, 2 studies with type 2 diabetes. 7 studies described adult participants.

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes × 2-hour plasma glucose

Available supporting studies

Community lifestyle programme improves multiple diabetes risk factors in adults with prediabetes

Engagement in a prediabetes education programme is linked to lower type 2 diabetes risk

Weight loss intervention linked to diabetes risk in high-risk groups