Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 5 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, placebo.

Placebo

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Drug-naïve adolescents receiving empagliflozin for 26 weeks.

Empagliflozin 10 mg

Drug-naïve adolescents and those not on active therapy received the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin for 26 weeks.

Drug-naïve adolescents receiving linagliptin for 26 weeks.

Linagliptin 5 mg

Drug-naïve adolescents and those not on active therapy received the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin for 26 weeks.

Drug-naïve adolescents receiving placebo for 26 weeks.

Participants from DINAMO + DINAMO MONO (hereinafter referred to as adolescents) were randomized to placebo (n = 9).

Young adults receiving empagliflozin for 24 weeks.

Empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg

Young adults were randomized to empagliflozin 10 or 25 mg for 24 weeks.

Young adults receiving sitagliptin for 24 weeks.

Sitagliptin 100 mg

Young adults were randomized to sitagliptin 100 mg for 24 weeks.

Young adults receiving placebo for 24 weeks.

Young adults were randomized to placebo for 24 weeks.

Empagliflozin reduces HbA1c in youth with type 2 diabetes

Placebo group

Patients with T2D receiving fotagliptin add-on therapy to metformin.

Fotagliptin group

In this phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients with T2D who had inadequate glycaemic control using metformin alone were randomly allocated to fotagliptin or placebo at a 2:1 ratio for 24-week double-blind treatment period.

Patients with T2D receiving placebo add-on therapy to metformin.

Fotagliptin improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients

Participants received metformin + sitagliptin placebo + DW1026C1 + DW1026C2 placebo.

E10 group

Two hundred thirty adults with T2DM inadequately controlled by metformin were 1:1:1 randomised to receive DW1026C1 (E10 group, n = 77)...

Participants received metformin + sitagliptin placebo + DW1026C2 + DW1026C1 placebo.

E25 group

Two hundred thirty adults with T2DM inadequately controlled by metformin were 1:1:1 randomised to receive DW1026C2 (E25 group, n = 76)...

Participants received metformin + sitagliptin 100 mg + DW1026C1 placebo + DW1026C2 placebo.

Two hundred thirty adults with T2DM inadequately controlled by metformin were 1:1:1 randomised to receive a placebo (n = 77)...

Sitagliptin/Empagliflozin Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Metformin Group

Patients received 50 mg of vildagliptin orally twice daily.

Vildagliptin Group

The first group (117 patients) received 50 mg of vildagliptin orally twice daily.

Patients received 500 mg of metformin orally twice daily with meals, with dosage adjustable.

The second group (129 patients) received 500 mg of metformin orally twice daily with meals, and the dosage could be gradually increased by 500 mg per week, up to a maximum daily dose of 2000 mg.

Vildagliptin and Metformin Improve Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: comparator.

Patients who received gliclazide in combination with metformin.

Gliclazide + Metformin

group I, patients who received gliclazide in combination with metformin

Patients who received vildagliptin in combination with metformin.

Vildagliptin + Metformin

group II, patients who received vildagliptin in combination with metformin

Vildagliptin improves insulin resistance and weight in type 2 diabetes

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

1 supporting study does not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

1 study contains conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 8 of 8 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 8 studies described adult participants.

1 relevant study has unresolved authoritative design evidence and does not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

2 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved.

3 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 1 diabetes, 1 studies with type 2 diabetes. Age groups were heterogeneous: 2 studies with adult participants, 1 studies with youth participants.

2 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, other, usual_care.

4 of 5 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 10 of 11 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 5 studies with type 2 diabetes, 2 studies with type 1 diabetes. 8 studies described adult participants.

3 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

3 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, placebo, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

1 supporting study lacks usable structured population information.

4 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 8 of 8 supporting studies. 7 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 7 studies described adult participants.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 1 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 8 of 8 supporting studies. 6 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 7 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 8 of 8 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 4 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. Age groups were heterogeneous: 4 studies with adult participants, 1 studies with youth participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo, usual_care.

5 of 8 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

3 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 1 studies with type 1 diabetes, 1 studies with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 13 of 13 supporting studies. 11 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 12 studies described adult participants.

4 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, usual_care.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. Age groups were heterogeneous: 2 studies with adult participants, 1 studies with youth participants.

Structured population data were available for 12 of 12 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 9 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 12 studies described adult participants.

9 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 2 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo, unknown_unresolved.

Structured population data were available for 10 of 10 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 8 studies with type 2 diabetes, 2 studies with type 1 diabetes. Age groups were heterogeneous: 8 studies with adult participants, 1 studies with youth participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, other, usual_care.

3 studies contain conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: other, usual_care.

2 of 4 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 5 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 11 of 11 supporting studies. 10 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 11 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 6 of 6 supporting studies. 6 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 6 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 7 of 7 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 4 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, placebo, usual_care.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors × HbA1c

Available supporting studies

Empagliflozin reduces HbA1c in youth with type 2 diabetes

Fotagliptin improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients

Sitagliptin/Empagliflozin Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Vildagliptin and Metformin Improve Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Vildagliptin improves insulin resistance and weight in type 2 diabetes