Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, usual_care.

Standard treatment

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants received acupuncture therapy twice a week along with an individualized anti-inflammatory diet.

Acupuncture combined with an anti-inflammatory diet

The participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (i) acupuncture combined with an anti-inflammatory diet...

Participants followed an individualized anti-inflammatory diet without acupuncture.

Anti-inflammatory diet alone

The participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (ii) an anti-inflammatory diet alone...

Participants received standard treatment and dietary recommendations.

The participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (iii) standard treatment.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Acupuncture with Diet May Improve Depression in Diabetics

Low-fat diet (LFD) group

Participants consumed 56 g/day of almonds replacing 150 g/day of staple food, following a specific dietary regimen.

Almond-based low carbohydrate diet (a-LCD) group

The a-LCD group consumed 56 g/day almond which replaced 150 g/d staple food (1 liang staple foods/meal) that is rich in carbohydrate, and the remaining of the dietary regimen kept the same as those of LFD.

Participants followed a low-fat diet education program based on a six-point formula.

The control group adopted an LFD education program which is a named six-point formula developed by our research team based on the diabetes dietary guideline.

Almond-Based Diet Improves Depression and Glycometabolism in Type 2 Diabetes

No dietary changes

Participants followed a low-fat vegan diet consisting of whole grains, vegetables, legumes, and fruits, with weekly group support.

Low-fat vegan diet group

Participants at intervention sites were asked to follow a low-fat vegan diet consisting of whole grains, vegetables, legumes, and fruits, with no restriction on energy intake for 18 weeks.

Participants made no dietary changes and received no dietary guidance.

Individuals at control sites made no dietary changes, were given no dietary guidance and no additional food was made available in those sites.

Low-fat diet × HbA1c

Available supporting studies

Acupuncture with Diet May Improve Depression in Diabetics

Almond-Based Diet Improves Depression and Glycometabolism in Type 2 Diabetes

Low-fat vegan diet improves health in corporate employees with diabetes