Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

2 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved.

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

Available source content was suppressed because validation identified a conflict.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: comparator.

Patients received insulin glargine in the morning with fixed doses of metformin.

Insulin glargine plus metformin

After 24 weeks, HbA1C levels improved from (mean ± SD) 8.5±0.9% to 7.7±0.8% (69.0±10.0 mmol/mol to 60.8±8.6 mmol/mol) with insulin glargine plus metformin.

Patients received insulin glargine in the morning with fixed doses of glimepiride.

Insulin glargine plus glimepiride

After 24 weeks, HbA1C levels improved from 8.4±1.0% to 7.7±1.3% with insulin glargine plus glimepiride.

Patients received insulin glargine in the morning with fixed doses of both glimepiride and metformin.

Insulin glargine plus glimepiride plus metformin

After 24 weeks, HbA1C levels improved from 8.7±0.9% to 7.3±0.6% with insulin glargine plus glimepiride plus metformin.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Insulin glargine plus metformin and glimepiride improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Metformin Group

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Patients received a combination of pioglitazone and metformin.

Pioglitazone and Metformin Group

A total of 120 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from 8 centers were randomly divided into the control group (metformin hydrochloride) and the test group (pioglitazone hydrochloride and metformin hydrochloride).

Pioglitazone and Metformin Reduce Liver Fat in Diabetes

Patients received 50 mg of vildagliptin orally twice daily.

Vildagliptin Group

The first group (117 patients) received 50 mg of vildagliptin orally twice daily.

Patients received 500 mg of metformin orally twice daily with meals, with dosage adjustable.

The second group (129 patients) received 500 mg of metformin orally twice daily with meals, and the dosage could be gradually increased by 500 mg per week, up to a maximum daily dose of 2000 mg.

Vildagliptin and Metformin Improve Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Structured population data were available for 2 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

2 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

1 supporting study lacks usable structured population information.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 11 of 11 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 9 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 11 studies described adult participants.

1 relevant study has unresolved authoritative design evidence and does not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo, usual_care.

9 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

2 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

1 study contains conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

3 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 supporting study does not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 9 of 9 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 7 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, other, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

4 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, placebo.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: placebo, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 9 of 9 supporting studies. 9 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 9 studies described adult participants.

Metformin × Body weight

Available supporting studies

Insulin glargine plus metformin and glimepiride improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Pioglitazone and Metformin Reduce Liver Fat in Diabetes

Vildagliptin and Metformin Improve Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes