Understanding Artificial Pancreas Systems: Results from a 24-Month Trial

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Subjects who consumed the active product showed improvements in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glucose levels as compared with placebo (< 0.001 of the time × group interaction).

HbA1c improved in participants consuming the active carob product compared with placebo, with the abstract reporting a time-by-group interaction below 0.001 for HbA1c and glucose levels.

Fasting glucose was one of the glucose metabolism markers reported to improve with carob concentrate compared with placebo, though exact numeric change values were not available in the prompt excerpts.

In the OGTT, there were significant improvements in the AUC of glucose and insulin, as well as glucose peak in the experimental group only.

Postprandial glucose responses improved during OGTT-related testing in the experimental group, including reported improvements in glucose peak and glucose AUC.

The area under the glucose curve during the oral glucose tolerance test improved in the experimental group, supporting a better post-load glucose response.

Fasting serum insulin showed within-group significant decreases in the experimental group.

Fasting serum insulin decreased significantly within the experimental group, but the abstract does not report a clear statistically significant between-group difference for fasting insulin.

Insulin indexes (HOMA-IR and QUICKI) improving significantly in the experimental group only.

HOMA-IR improved significantly in the experimental group only, suggesting lower insulin resistance, but the available excerpt does not provide exact effect sizes or between-group statistics.

QUICKI improved significantly in the experimental group only, suggesting better insulin sensitivity, although exact values and between-group statistics were not available in the provided excerpts.

The product was well tolerated and no adverse effects were recorded.

No adverse effects were recorded, suggesting good short-term tolerability, but the small sample limits confidence in safety conclusions.

A standardized oral liquid concentrate derived from carob fruit and containing inositol compounds including D-pinitol, myo-inositol, and D-chiro-inositol.

Positive: 8; Negative: 0; No effect: 0; Mixed: 0

Extracted 8 outcome signals across the study

Most reported glycemic and insulin-related outcomes favored the carob concentrate, but several effects were described as within-group changes and exact numeric estimates were not available in the excerpts.

Carob concentrate ↓ HbA1c and glucose levels versus placebo

Carob concentrate ↓ fasting insulin and insulin resistance markers within the experimental group

Mostly intermediate or surrogate outcomes

The trial randomized 52 participants with confirmed prediabetes to carob liquid concentrate or placebo for 90 days

HbA1c and glucose levels improved compared with placebo, with a reported time-by-group interaction below 0.001

The product was described as well tolerated, and no adverse effects were recorded

Effects of specific carob (L.) liquid concentrate on glucose metabolism in subjects with prediabetes: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. Nutrients. 2026;18(10):1521. doi:10.3390/nu18101521

Small sample size with 52 total participants

Methods and results excerpts were limited in the prompt, so several details remain unclear

Findings focus on surrogate metabolic markers rather than diabetes incidence

In a small 90-day randomized trial, a carob-based liquid concentrate improved HbA1c, fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, and insulin-related markers in adults with prediabetes.

Carob concentrate ↓ OGTT glucose AUC, insulin AUC, and glucose peak within the experimental group

The study is described as randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. The placebo group included 27 participants.

Placebo

The carob liquid concentrate containing inositols of the carob fruit (D-pinitol, myo-inositol, D-chiro inositol) was administered at a daily dose of 6.66 g, divided into two doses of 3.33 g each.

Carob liquid concentrate

Limited population scope (moderate): Narrow population scope

Limited safety reporting (moderate): Safety reporting depth: limited

No post-intervention follow-up (moderate): 0 weeks of follow-up after treatment ended

Relies on surrogate outcomes (moderate): No hard clinical outcomes reported

Carob concentrate may improve blood sugar markers in prediabetes

This trial tested a carob-based liquid concentrate in people with confirmed prediabetes. After 90 days, the supplement group had better HbA1c, glucose responses, and insulin-related markers than the placebo group, with no adverse effects reported.

This was a supplement trial, not a test of standard diabetes medication

The evidence is promising but limited by the small study population

The abstract reports several within-group findings, which are weaker than clear between-group effects

No adverse effects were recorded, but larger studies are needed for safety confidence

A carob-derived liquid concentrate for glucose metabolism in adults with prediabetes

Carob concentrate may improve blood sugar markers in prediabetes

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