Last updated July 8, 2026
Key finding
A1c levels significantly decreased from 6.9 ± 0.5% at baseline to 6.7 ± 0.5% after 12 months.
This study evaluated a hybrid telemedicine approach for adults with type 1 diabetes against standard clinical practice, finding a significant reduction in HbA1c levels.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated a hybrid telemedicine approach for adults with type 1 diabetes against standard clinical practice, finding a significant reduction in HbA1c levels.
This research highlights the potential of telemedicine in diabetes management, particularly for individuals who may benefit from reduced in-person visits. The significant reduction in HbA1c suggests that such approaches can maintain or improve glycemic control, which is crucial for long-term health in diabetes patients.
No specific results reported for glycemic variability. Limited information on time below target range. Effectiveness of the hybrid approach remains unclear for some outcomes.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Lía N, Esther DLC, Edurne L, et al. A hybrid telemedicine approach for adults with type 1 diabetes using an advanced closed-loop system: a randomized clinical trial. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2024;15:20420188241288789. doi:10.1177/20420188241288789
HbA1c levels decreased from 6.9% to 6.7% after 12 months (p=0.006).
No statistically significant differences in quality of life were found.
No increase in adverse events was reported despite fewer in-person visits.
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Hybrid closed-loop system and Adverse events incidence, Glucose variability, HbA1c, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Hybrid closed-loop system
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
3
Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
876
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Hybrid closed-loop system → Adverse events incidence
Hybrid closed-loop system → Adverse events incidence
Hybrid closed-loop system → Glucose variability
Hybrid closed-loop system → Glucose variability
Hybrid closed-loop system → Quality of life
Hybrid closed-loop system → Quality of life
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and CGM Time in Range, Insulin Delivery Systems and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring CGM Time in Range
Measures CGM Time in Range as a key outcome.
All studies on Insulin Delivery Systems
Contributes to Insulin Delivery Systems evidence base.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Quality of Life Outcomes
Measures Quality of Life Outcomes as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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12 results
5 results
12 results
12 results
5 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve CGM Time in Range.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Time in range
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 86.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 20 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Insulin Delivery Systems appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 84.2 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 14 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve Glucose Variability.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Glucose variability
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 6 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Insulin Delivery Systems may improve Quality of Life Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Quality of life
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
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