NoneNo Change
Hyperglycemia events
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Hyperglycemia events
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Hyperglycemia events
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeSafety
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Research Summary
SMS Program Improves Transition from Insulin to GLP-1 RA in Diabetes
Key finding
Insulin lowered by ≥50% in 55/72 (76.39%) patients.
This pilot study evaluated a mobile insulin titration intervention for transitioning patients with Type 2 Diabetes from basal insulin to GLP-1 receptor agonists, showing promising outcomes.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 8, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI)–GLP1 program
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Primary outcome
Insulin dose reduction by at least 50%
Evidence
Moderate confidence
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This pilot study evaluated a mobile insulin titration intervention for transitioning patients with Type 2 Diabetes from basal insulin to GLP-1 receptor agonists, showing promising outcomes.
Clinical relevance
This study highlights the potential of mobile health interventions in managing Type 2 Diabetes, particularly in transitioning patients to more effective treatments. By reducing reliance on insulin and promoting GLP-1 receptor agonists, it may enhance patient outcomes and adherence to treatment.
Keep in mind
Non-randomized study design limits causal inference. Small sample size may affect generalizability. Lack of long-term follow-up data.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Natalie L, Katie N, Sherlane B, et al. A Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention Using SMS Text Messaging to Transition Patients with Type 2 Diabetes from Basal Insulin to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Pilot Study. JMIR Formative Research. 2026;10:e76993. doi:10.2196/76993
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Main Effects
Insulin was reduced by at least 50% in 55 out of 72 patients (76.39%).
Insulin was completely stopped in 45 out of 72 patients (62.50%).
GLP-1 RA dose was increased by at least one level in 64 out of 72 patients (88.89%).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to GLP-1 receptor agonists and Hyperglycemia events, Percentage of SMS text message responses reporting hypoglycemia (<80 mg/dL), Percentage of patients discharged on maximum GLP-1 RA dose, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
GLP-1 receptor agonists
Primary outcomes
- Hyperglycemia events
- Percentage of SMS text message responses reporting hypoglycemia (<80 mg/dL)
- Percentage of patients discharged on maximum GLP-1 RA dose
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
6
Evidence pairs
6
Relationships
2
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 69
2
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
125
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 6 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 2 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
StrongIncrease
Percentage of patients discharged on maximum GLP-1 RA dose
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Percentage of patients discharged on maximum GLP-1 RA dose
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Percentage of patients discharged on maximum GLP-1 RA dose
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseClinical Outcomes
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StrongIncrease
Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseMetabolic Health
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StrongDecrease
Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseGlycemic Control
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StrongDecrease
Percentage of patients with insulin stopped completely
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Percentage of patients with insulin stopped completely
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Percentage of patients with insulin stopped completely
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
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NoneNo Change
Percentage of SMS text message responses reporting hypoglycemia (<80 mg/dL)
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Percentage of SMS text message responses reporting hypoglycemia (<80 mg/dL)
GLP-1 receptor agonists → Percentage of SMS text message responses reporting hypoglycemia (<80 mg/dL)
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeSafety
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Create a free account to access effectiveness ratings, evidence strength and depth scores, consistency analysis, and direct links to all supporting studies.
Evidence Suggest
- 76% of patients reduced insulin by at least 50%.
- 63% of patients stopped insulin completely.
- 89% of patients increased GLP-1 RA dosing.
Who this applies to
- Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.
- Patients currently using basal insulin.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not be applicable to all diabetes populations.
- The intervention's effectiveness over a longer period is unknown.
- Further studies are needed to confirm findings and assess safety.
Between the Lines
- Non-randomized study design limits causal inference.
- Small sample size may affect generalizability.
- Lack of long-term follow-up data.
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
This study contributes to evidence on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Evidence Hub
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1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists evidence base.
Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level as a key outcome.
Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50% Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50% as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
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All studies on GLP-1 receptor agonists and Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level
Intervention: GLP-1 receptor agonistsOutcome: Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level
1 results
All studies on GLP-1 receptor agonists and Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%
Intervention: GLP-1 receptor agonistsOutcome: Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%
1 results
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Intervention: GLP-1 receptor agonists
1 results
All studies measuring Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level
Outcome: Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level
1 results
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Outcome: Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Does GLP-1 receptor agonists improve percentage of patients discharged on maximum glp-1 ra dose?
Emerging Evidence
GLP-1 receptor agonists appears to improve Percentage of patients discharged on maximum GLP-1 RA dose.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Percentage of patients discharged on maximum GLP-1 RA dose
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does GLP-1 receptor agonists improve percentage of patients with glp-1 ra dose increased by at least one level?
Emerging Evidence
GLP-1 receptor agonists appears to improve Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one level
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does GLP-1 receptor agonists improve percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%?
Emerging Evidence
GLP-1 receptor agonists appears to improve Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does GLP-1 receptor agonists improve percentage of patients with insulin stopped completely?
Emerging Evidence
GLP-1 receptor agonists appears to improve Percentage of patients with insulin stopped completely.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Percentage of patients with insulin stopped completely
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 50.5 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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All studies on GLP-1 receptor agonists and Percentage of patients discharged on maximum GLP-1 RA doseAll studies on GLP-1 receptor agonists and Percentage of patients with GLP-1 RA dose increased by at least one levelAll studies on GLP-1 receptor agonists and Percentage of patients with insulin dose reduction by at least 50%All studies on GLP-1 receptor agonists and Percentage of patients with insulin stopped completely
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