Last updated July 8, 2026
Key finding
Diabetes distress improved from baseline to 6 months (P = 0.001).
This study evaluated the impact of a text messaging intervention on patient-reported outcomes in individuals with Type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in various health-related measures.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the impact of a text messaging intervention on patient-reported outcomes in individuals with Type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in various health-related measures.
These findings are important as they suggest that simple, low-cost interventions like text messaging can enhance the management of Type 2 diabetes. By improving patient-reported outcomes, healthcare providers can potentially increase patient engagement and adherence to treatment, leading to better overall health outcomes.
The study's generalizability may be limited due to the specific population sampled. Effectiveness of the intervention was not clear for all outcomes. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled for.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Allie ZY, Erin MS, Daisy N, et al. Impact of a Text Messaging Intervention on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Diabetes. 2024;9:e55473. doi:10.2196/55473
Diabetes distress improved significantly (P = 0.001, effect size: -1.5 score)
Social support increased significantly (P < 0.001, effect size: 2 score)
Diabetes knowledge improved significantly (P < 0.001, effect size: 1.8 score)
Diabetes self-care improved significantly (P < 0.001, effect size: 1.5 score)
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion and Diabetes knowledge, Diabetes management self-efficacy, Diabetes self-management behaviors, and 6 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Evidence pairs
833
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Diabetes knowledge
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Diabetes knowledge
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Diabetes management self-efficacy
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Diabetes management self-efficacy
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Diabetes self-management behaviors
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Diabetes self-management behaviors
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Diabetes social support
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Diabetes social support
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Dietary intake changes
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Dietary intake changes
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → HbA1c
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → HbA1c
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Quality of life
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Quality of life
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Stress
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Stress
Evidence Library
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and HbA1c, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Activities of Daily Living.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Contributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Activities of Daily Living
Measures Activities of Daily Living as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Quality of Life Outcomes
Measures Quality of Life Outcomes as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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5 results
1 results
5 results
5 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 81.9 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 36 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs appears to improve Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Diabetes management self-efficacy
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Diabetes self-management behaviors
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 16 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Quality of Life Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Quality of life
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 12 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs appears to improve Mental Health.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Stress
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 10 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
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