Research Summary

Text Messaging Improves Patient-Reported Outcomes in Diabetes Care

Moderate confidence

Low bias

Last updated July 8, 2026

Key Takeaway:

This study evaluated the impact of a text messaging intervention on patient-reported outcomes in individuals with Type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in various health-related measures.

Study at a Glance

What was studied

Text messaging intervention implemented alongside group visits for adults with type 2 diabetes.

Participants

Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64)

Male, Female

with T2 Diabetes

Intervention

Text Messaging Intervention (TMI)

Outcomes

Diabetes distress, Social support, Diabetes knowledge, Diabetes self-care, Diabetes self-efficacy, Diabetes quality of life, Foot care, Diet, Glycated hemoglobin A1c, Diabetes quality of life (low responders)

Funding

Non-Industry Sponsored

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Main Effects

Diabetes distress improved significantly (P = 0.001, effect size: -1.5 score)

Social support increased significantly (P < 0.001, effect size: 2 score)

Diabetes knowledge improved significantly (P < 0.001, effect size: 1.8 score)

Diabetes self-care improved significantly (P < 0.001, effect size: 1.5 score)

Evidence Summary

Intervention	Outcome	Measured Change	Study Effect
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion (Behavioral & Lifestyle)	Diabetes knowledge (Adherence & Engagement)	Increase	Strong
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion (Behavioral & Lifestyle)	Diabetes management self-efficacy (Patient-Reported)	Increase	Strong
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion (Behavioral & Lifestyle)	Diabetes self-management behaviors (Adherence & Engagement)	Increase	Strong
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion (Behavioral & Lifestyle)	Diabetes social support (Patient-Reported)	Increase	Strong
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion (Behavioral & Lifestyle)	Dietary intake changes (Adherence & Engagement)	Increase	Strong
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion (Behavioral & Lifestyle)	HbA1c (Glycemic Control)	No Change	Unclear
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion (Behavioral & Lifestyle)	Patient-reported foot care improvement at 6 months (Patient-Reported)	Increase	Strong
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion (Behavioral & Lifestyle)	Quality of life (Patient-Reported)	Increase	Strong
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion (Behavioral & Lifestyle)	Stress (Patient-Reported)	Decrease	Strong

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Evidence Suggest

Diabetes distress decreased significantly with a p-value of 0.001.
Social support showed a significant increase with a p-value of <0.001.
No significant difference was found in glycated hemoglobin A1c (P = 0.81).

Who this applies to

Adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes.
Individuals seeking to improve their diabetes management through behavioral interventions.

Keep in Mind

The findings may not apply to populations outside the study's demographic.
The intervention's effectiveness may vary based on individual patient characteristics.
Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and sustainability of improvements.

Between the Lines

The study's generalizability may be limited due to the specific population sampled.
Effectiveness of the intervention was not clear for all outcomes.
Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled for.

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Journal Reference

Allie ZY, Erin MS, Daisy N, et al. Impact of a Text Messaging Intervention on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Diabetes. 2024;9:e55473. doi:10.2196/55473

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Connected Evidence

Discover how this study fits into the broader diabetes evidence landscape.

This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and HbA1c, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Diabetes knowledge.