Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

1 supporting study does not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo.

Pioglitazone monotherapy

Empagliflozin monotherapy

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants received a combination of PIO and EMPA daily for 24 weeks.

Combination therapy with pioglitazone and empagliflozin

Participants were randomly assigned on a 1:1:1 ratio to receive once-daily PIO 15 mg plus EMPA 10 mg, PIO 15 mg alone, or EMPA 10 mg alone for 24 weeks.

Participants received PIO alone daily for 24 weeks.

Participants received EMPA alone daily for 24 weeks.

Combination therapy improves liver health in type 2 diabetes

Placebo

Participants received empagliflozin for 4 weeks followed by a placebo for 4 weeks.

Empagliflozin

Adults with HNF1A-MODY treated with at least one glucose-lowering drug were randomized to be treated with empagliflozin 25 mg for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week washout period and then received placebo for 4 weeks or the opposite sequence.

Participants received placebo for 4 weeks after the empagliflozin period.

Participants received placebo for 4 weeks or the opposite sequence.

Empagliflozin improves glycemic control in HNF1A-MODY

Available source content was suppressed because validation identified a conflict.

Patients receiving empagliflozin 10 mg as add-on treatment.

Empagliflozin 10 mg

Participants were randomised 1:1:1 to empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, or placebo.

Patients receiving empagliflozin 25 mg as add-on treatment.

Empagliflozin 25 mg

Patients receiving placebo as add-on treatment.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Empagliflozin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients

Drug-naïve adolescents receiving empagliflozin for 26 weeks.

Drug-naïve adolescents and those not on active therapy received the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin for 26 weeks.

Drug-naïve adolescents receiving linagliptin for 26 weeks.

Linagliptin 5 mg

Drug-naïve adolescents and those not on active therapy received the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin for 26 weeks.

Drug-naïve adolescents receiving placebo for 26 weeks.

Participants from DINAMO + DINAMO MONO (hereinafter referred to as adolescents) were randomized to placebo (n = 9).

Young adults receiving empagliflozin for 24 weeks.

Empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg

Young adults were randomized to empagliflozin 10 or 25 mg for 24 weeks.

Young adults receiving sitagliptin for 24 weeks.

Sitagliptin 100 mg

Young adults were randomized to sitagliptin 100 mg for 24 weeks.

Young adults receiving placebo for 24 weeks.

Young adults were randomized to placebo for 24 weeks.

Empagliflozin reduces HbA1c in youth with type 2 diabetes

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 of 2 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

1 study contains conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described adult participants.

2 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, usual_care.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

2 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 relevant study has unresolved authoritative design evidence and does not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

3 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 1 studies with type 1 diabetes, 1 studies with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: other, usual_care.

3 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, usual_care.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: placebo, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 6 of 6 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 1 studies with type 1 diabetes, 1 studies with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

3 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

3 of 6 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

2 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo, unknown_unresolved.

2 of 4 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

4 of 4 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 7 of 7 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 4 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

3 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, placebo, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

2 studies contain conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: placebo, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 9 of 9 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 4 studies with type 1 diabetes, 2 studies with type 2 diabetes. 7 studies described adult participants.

Empagliflozin × Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Available supporting studies

Combination therapy improves liver health in type 2 diabetes

Empagliflozin improves glycemic control in HNF1A-MODY

Empagliflozin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients

Empagliflozin reduces HbA1c in youth with type 2 diabetes