Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

3 of 4 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: comparator.

Participants received home-delivered, calorie-restricted meals for 6 weeks, followed by a self-managed diet for another 6 weeks.

Caloric restriction intervention

This 12-week single-arm intervention consisted of 6 weeks of home-delivered meals (800–1,200 kcal/day), followed by 6 weeks of self-managed diet (1,500–1,800 kcal/day for men; 1,200–1,500 kcal/day for women).

Caloric restriction improves glycemic control

Not applicable to this study design or comparison.

Not reported in the authoritative source.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: design, arms, risk_of_bias.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: authoritative design unavailable.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Community pharmacy-led diabetes management improves glycemic control in adults with T2DM

Usual diabetes care

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: design, risk_of_bias.

Adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes using Dexcom ONE CGM for 6 months.

Dexcom ONE CGM group

In this single-site prospective study, adults with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) taking two or more insulin injections per day initiated Dexcom ONE CGM use and attended follow-up data collection visits after 3 and 6 months.

Participants received usual diabetes care during the study.

During the study, participants received usual diabetes care.

Dexcom ONE use significantly reduces HbA1c in diabetes patients.

Standard care

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Patients performed CGM monitoring and insulin doses were adjusted remotely by a specialist.

Telemedicine-assisted insulin titration

Eighty-five patients on stable basal-bolus insulin therapy were assigned to either telemedicine-assisted insulin titration based on CGM data (intervention group) or standard care with capillary blood glucose monitoring (control group).

Patients performed their usual capillary blood glucose monitoring; insulin doses were adjusted by their healthcare providers.

Patients assigned to the control arm (Standard of Care [SoC]) performed their usual capillary blood glucose monitoring; insulin doses were adjusted, if needed, by their healthcare providers.

Continuous glucose monitoring × Time below range

Available supporting studies

Caloric restriction improves glycemic control

Community pharmacy-led diabetes management improves glycemic control in adults with T2DM

Dexcom ONE use significantly reduces HbA1c in diabetes patients.

Telemedicine improves glucose control in nursing home residents with diabetes.