Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described adult participants.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

1 supporting study does not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: other, usual_care.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

1 study contains conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Available source content was suppressed because validation identified a conflict.

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Supervised RT program twice per week for 12 weeks. Chest press and leg press strength increased 27% and 18%.

Resistance training

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Resistance training improves 2-hour glucose tolerance in older adults with prediabetes, depending on phenotype

Social Cognitive Theory-based resistance training maintenance support

Standard care resistance training maintenance support

Authoritative quality diagnostic: metric or comparison basis missing.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: p value significance conflict.

Resistance training may help reverse prediabetes and improve strength

Control Group (CG)

Patients underwent a supervised strength training program aimed at muscle hypertrophy.

Strength Training (ST)

Patients were randomized to ST, ET or CG in a 1:1:1 fashion using Pocock’s minimization algorithm. Supervised ST was performed on training machines on two non-consecutive days of the week.

Patients underwent a supervised endurance training program on cycle ergometers and other equipment.

Endurance Training (ET)

Patients were randomized to ST, ET or CG in a 1:1:1 fashion using Pocock’s minimization algorithm. Supervised ET was performed on cycle ergometers, mountain climbers, cross trainers and treadmills.

Control group received advice to exercise twice a week for about 65 minutes.

The CG received advice to exercise twice a week for about 65 min.

Structured exercise improves weight loss after gastric bypass surgery

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 of 2 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described adult participants.

2 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, usual_care.

2 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 relevant study has unresolved authoritative design evidence and does not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

3 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 1 studies with type 1 diabetes, 1 studies with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described adult participants.

3 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, usual_care.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: placebo, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 6 of 6 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 1 studies with type 1 diabetes, 1 studies with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

3 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

3 of 6 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

2 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo, unknown_unresolved.

2 of 4 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

4 of 4 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 7 of 7 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 4 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

3 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, placebo, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

2 studies contain conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: placebo, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 9 of 9 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 4 studies with type 1 diabetes, 2 studies with type 2 diabetes. 7 studies described adult participants.

Resistance training × 2-hour plasma glucose

Available supporting studies

Resistance training improves 2-hour glucose tolerance in older adults with prediabetes, depending on phenotype

Resistance training may help reverse prediabetes and improve strength

Structured exercise improves weight loss after gastric bypass surgery