Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, other, usual_care.

Control Diet

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants received a CR-LCD with individualized caloric intake and restricted carbohydrate contribution.

Caloric-Carbohydrate Restriction Diet (CR-LCD)

Participants randomized to the CR-LCD intervention group, daily total caloric intake was individualized to match their basal metabolic rate (BMR) as measured by body composition analysis.

Participants consumed an energy-balanced diet with macronutrient contributions balanced.

The control group consumed an energy-balanced diet. Target energy intake was calculated by integrating participants' BMRs with energy expenditure from daily activities.

Calorie-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Diabetes Remission Rates

Participants assigned to a calorie-restricted reduced carbohydrate diet.

Calorie-restricted reduced carbohydrate diet

In total, 83 adults were initially randomized to either a calorie-restricted reduced carbohydrate (RC) diet or high-carbohydrate (HC) diet.

Participants assigned to a high-carbohydrate diet.

High-carbohydrate diet

Nonresponders assigned to time-restricted eating.

Time-restricted eating

Nonresponders (<2.5% weight loss at week 4) were rerandomly assigned to augment initial dietary prescriptions with either TRE or exercise counseling.

Nonresponders assigned to exercise counseling.

Exercise counseling

Carbohydrate restriction and exercise improve weight loss in prediabetes

Usual Diet Group

Participants received behavioral counseling and key supplemental food, targeting less than 40 grams of carbohydrates per day for the first 3 months.

Low-Carbohydrate Diet Intervention Group

Participants were randomized to a low-carbohydrate diet intervention (target <40 net grams of carbohydrates during the first 3 months; <60 net grams for months 3 to 6) or usual diet.

Participants followed their usual dietary habits without any specific intervention.

Low-Carbohydrate Diet Reduces HbA1c in Prediabetes

Control Group (CG)

Participants received nutritional education strategies based on a low-carbohydrate dietary approach delivered remotely.

Intervention Group (IG)

In this group, nutritional education strategies were implemented based on a low-carbohydrate dietary approach. The educational sessions were delivered entirely remotely through a smartphone messaging application (WhatsApp).

Participants received conventional management for T2DM.

In contrast, the CG exhibited significant increases in fasting glucose and Body Mass index, with no significant HbA1c change.

Online education improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes management

Standard Low Protein Diet (LPD)

Patients received a dietary intervention of less than 20g of carbohydrate daily, supplemented by dietary consultations.

Very Low Carbohydrate Diet (VLCBD)

Patients in the VLCBD group underwent 2-weekly monitoring including their 3-day food diaries.

Patients received standard dietary advice of low protein diet (0.8g/kg/day) and low salt diet.

The control arm was given standard low protein diet advice.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: sample size arm total mismatch.

Low-carbohydrate diet × Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Available supporting studies

Calorie-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Diabetes Remission Rates

Carbohydrate restriction and exercise improve weight loss in prediabetes

Low-Carbohydrate Diet Reduces HbA1c in Prediabetes

Online education improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes management

Very low carbohydrate diet improves glycemic control in diabetic kidney disease