Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Basal Insulin (Glargine)

Placebo

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants received GLP-1 (Liraglutide) in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea.

GLP-1 (Liraglutide)

We considered three treatment arms: GLP-1 (Liraglutide), basal insulin (glargine), and placebo. After training, virtual trials were conducted by sampling 232 virtual patients per arm (according to the LEAD-5 inclusion criteria) and predicting post-treatment outcomes.

Participants received basal insulin (glargine) in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea.

We considered three treatment arms: GLP-1 (Liraglutide), basal insulin (glargine), and placebo.

Participants received placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

AI Emulation Shows GLP-1 Improves HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes

Reference Liraglutide

T2DM patients with obesity receiving Liraglutide Biosimilar.

Liraglutide Biosimilar

Group A – Intervention arm: Liraglutide Biosimilar in T2DM patients with obesity

T2DM patients with obesity receiving Reference Liraglutide.

Group B – Control arm: Reference Liraglutide in T2DM patients with obesity

Liraglutide biosimilar shows significant weight reduction in T2DM patients

Not reported in the authoritative source.

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: design, risk_of_bias.

Participants received liraglutide as a once-daily subcutaneous injection.

Liraglutide

Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive a once-daily subcutaneous injection of liraglutide (up to 1.8 mg/day) or placebo.

Participants received a placebo injection.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: authoritative design unavailable.

Liraglutide improves glycaemic control in adults with T2D

Participants received subcutaneous liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily for 6 months post-LAGB.

Participants were randomised (1:1) to either subcutaneous liraglutide 1.8 mg (Victoza) or placebo once daily within 6 weeks of surgery.

Participants received a placebo once daily for 6 months post-LAGB.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: sample size arm total mismatch.

Liraglutide × HbA1c

Available supporting studies

AI Emulation Shows GLP-1 Improves HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes

Liraglutide biosimilar shows significant weight reduction in T2DM patients

Liraglutide improves glycaemic control in adults with T2D

Liraglutide shows no added benefit after gastric banding for diabetes