Clinical evidence dossier
Instructional WhatsApp group for diabetes self-care
HbA1c
Evidence signal
Authoritative evidence signal
strong
This is an authoritative evidence signal supplied by Clinical Reference. It is not a formal clinical grade, treatment recommendation, or pooled effect estimate.
Evidence snapshot
- Authoritative support records
- 5
- Supporting studies available for review
- 5
- Randomized trials
- 3
- Reported effects
- 5
Clinical conclusion
Instructional WhatsApp group for diabetes self-care shows a strong positive evidence signal for improving HbA1c across the studied comparisons.
Observed effects
Observed study estimates; not a pooled treatment effect.
Change from baseline
Absolute change
-3.3 to -0.82 %
Between-group effect
Absolute change
-0.2 to -0.2 %
Change from baseline
Absolute change
-0.69 to -0.69 percentage
Between-group effect
Mean difference
-0.51 to -0.51 %
Evidence composition
- Non-randomized studies
- 0
- Other designs
- 0
- Unresolved designs
- 2
- Magnitude-eligible effects
- 5
Consistency
Authoritative consistency classification
consistent
- Positive
- 5
- No effect
- 0
- Mixed
- 0
- Negative
- 0
Population and applicability
Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 1 diabetes, 1 studies with type 2 diabetes. Age groups were heterogeneous: 2 studies with adult participants, 1 studies with youth participants.
This population information refers to the materialized supporting studies available for review. Omitted support records remain part of the authoritative support accounting and are available through the audit experience.
View reported population descriptions
These descriptions are reported across the supporting studies; they are not a single synthesized population.
- Adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes.
- Patients seeking to improve their self-management skills.
- Palestinian children diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
- Children aged 6-18 years managing diabetes.
- Adolescents and young adults aged 12-25 with Type 1 diabetes.
- Individuals experiencing diabetes distress.
- Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus.
- Pregnant women experiencing high levels of stress.
- Young Adult (19–39)
- Middle Aged (40-64)
- Female
- with T2 Diabetes
Limitations
- 2 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.
- Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, other, usual_care.
- 2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.
- 4 of 5 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.
Supporting evidence
Inspect the authoritative studies and omitted support records for this dossier.