Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

1 supporting study does not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, other, usual_care.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Control Group (CON)

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants engaged in a 12-week high-intensity interval training program.

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)

A total of 93 patients with DPN were randomly assigned to the HIIT, MICT, and control (CON) groups, with an intervention period of 12 weeks.

Participants engaged in a 12-week moderate-intensity continuous training program.

Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT)

Participants maintained their usual daily activities and received health education.

HIIT Improves Glucose Control in Diabetic Neuropathy Patients

Participants engaged in 10 × 1-min at 75%–90% HR peak, interspersed with 1-min active recovery at 50% HR peak.

Seventy-one participants were randomly assigned to the HIIT (10 × 1-min at 75%–90% HR peak, intersperse with 1-min active recovery at 50% HR peak) for a 12-week program.

Participants engaged in 50 min at 55%–70% HR peak.

Seventy-one participants were randomly assigned to the MICT (50 min at 55%–70% HR peak) for a 12-week program.

HIIT vs MICT: Effects on Pre-Diabetes

Waitlist Control (CON)

Participants engaged in 8 weeks of supervised C-HIIT training.

C-HIIT

Sixty-nine low-active people with T2D were randomised to 8 weeks of supervised C-HIIT (78 min/week)

Participants engaged in 8 weeks of supervised C-MICT training.

C-MICT

Sixty-nine low-active people with T2D were randomised to 8 weeks of supervised C-MICT (210 min/week)

Participants continued with usual care for 8 weeks before being re-randomised.

Those in waitlist CON continued with usual care for 8 weeks during phase 1, before being re-randomised to C-HIIT or C-MICT

Low-volume HIIT improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes

Available source content was suppressed because validation identified a conflict.

Standard care

Participants received a high-protein diet combined with a moderate-intensity physical activity program.

High-protein diet with moderate-intensity physical activity

At the start of the weight maintenance phase, eligible participants were randomized into one of four lifestyle intervention groups, combining one of two dietary patterns with one of two physical activity (PA) programs.

Participants received a moderate-protein diet combined with a moderate-intensity physical activity program.

Moderate-protein diet with moderate-intensity physical activity

Participants received a high-protein diet combined with a high-intensity physical activity program.

High-protein diet with high-intensity physical activity

Participants received a moderate-protein diet combined with a high-intensity physical activity program.

Moderate-protein diet with high-intensity physical activity

Participants received standard care without specific lifestyle interventions.

The primary aim of PREVIEW was to assess the effects of two dietary patterns on prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults with overweight/obesity and prediabetes.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing timepoint.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Moderate continuous exercise × HbA1c

Available supporting studies

HIIT Improves Glucose Control in Diabetic Neuropathy Patients

HIIT vs MICT: Effects on Pre-Diabetes

Low-volume HIIT improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes

Novel OGTT metrics show little predictive value for prediabetes remission