Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

2 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

1 supporting study does not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo, usual_care.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

1 study contains conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Source evidence could not be resolved sufficiently for this field.

Available source content was suppressed because validation identified a conflict.

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

Metformin Group

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: design, risk_of_bias.

Patients received semaglutide as part of their treatment regimen.

Semaglutide Group

Patients received either semaglutide, up to 1 mg subcutaneous (sc) weekly, or dulaglutide, up to 1.5 mg sc weekly, as the standard of care in addition to their usual medication regimen.

Patients received dulaglutide as part of their treatment regimen.

Dulaglutide Group

Patients received metformin as the control treatment.

Twenty subjects with T2DM and obesity were started on metformin and a diet and served as the control group.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: source evidence unresolved.

GLP-1 agonists reduce heart fat thickness in diabetes.

Reference semaglutide injection (comparator)

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Patients received once-weekly semaglutide injection for 24 weeks.

Once-weekly semaglutide injection (test)

In this multicentre, randomised study, 314 patients aged 18–65 years with HbA1c 7.0–10.5 % were randomised 1:1 to once-weekly semaglutide injection (test) or reference semaglutide for 24 weeks.

Patients received reference semaglutide injection for 24 weeks.

Novel Semaglutide Injection Shows Non-Inferior Glycemic Control

Placebo

Participants receiving oral semaglutide as an adjunct to standard-of-care treatment.

Oral Semaglutide

The SOUL trial randomized 9650 participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and/or chronic kidney disease to oral semaglutide or placebo.

Participants receiving placebo treatment.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: p value significance conflict.

Oral semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes

Group III

Patients received oral semaglutide with a starting dose of 3 mg daily and an up-titration to 14 mg for 48 weeks.

Group I

Group I received oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) with a starting dose of 3 mg daily and an up-titration to 14 mg for 48 weeks.

Patients received SC injectable semaglutide starting with 0.25 mg weekly for 4 weeks and up-titration to 2 mg weekly for 48 weeks.

Group II

Group II received SC injectable semaglutide (Ozempic) starting with 0.25 mg weekly for 4 weeks and up-titration gradually to reach 2 mg weekly for 48 weeks.

Patients received pioglitazone and/or vitamin E.

Group III received pioglitazone and/or vitamin E.

Semaglutide improves liver health and lipid levels in diabetes

Structured population data were available for 2 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

2 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

1 supporting study lacks usable structured population information.

Structured population data were available for 11 of 11 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 9 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 11 studies described adult participants.

1 relevant study has unresolved authoritative design evidence and does not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

9 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

2 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

3 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 9 of 9 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 7 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, other, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

4 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, placebo.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: placebo, usual_care.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved.

Structured population data were available for 9 of 9 supporting studies. 9 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 9 studies described adult participants.

Semaglutide × BMI

Available supporting studies

GLP-1 agonists reduce heart fat thickness in diabetes.

Novel Semaglutide Injection Shows Non-Inferior Glycemic Control

Oral semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes

Semaglutide improves liver health and lipid levels in diabetes