Structured population data were available for 6 of 6 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 6 studies described adult participants.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

4 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

1 study contains conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Available source content was suppressed because validation identified a conflict.

Placebo

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants receiving oral semaglutide as an adjunct to standard-of-care treatment.

Oral Semaglutide

The SOUL trial randomized 9650 participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and/or chronic kidney disease to oral semaglutide or placebo.

Participants receiving placebo treatment.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Oral semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes

Participants receiving semaglutide in the SUSTAIN 6 trial.

Semaglutide

Individual participant data from participants in the SUSTAIN 6 (N = 3297) and PIONEER 6 (N = 3183) CVOTs, receiving semaglutide (SUSTAIN 6: OW s.c. 0.5 or 1.0 mg; PIONEER 6: OD oral 14 mg) or placebo, were used in this analysis.

Participants receiving placebo in the SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 trials.

Data from the s.c. and oral semaglutide arms were pooled and compared with pooled placebo data from both trials.

Semaglutide improves cardiorenal outcomes in high-risk diabetes patients

Patients with type 2 diabetes and high-risk chronic kidney disease receiving semaglutide.

1767 were randomized to semaglutide, and 1766 were randomized to placebo.

Patients with type 2 diabetes and high-risk chronic kidney disease receiving placebo.

Semaglutide improves cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients

Placebo Group

Participants received subcutaneous semaglutide 1.0 mg once weekly.

Semaglutide Group

Participants were randomized to once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 1.0 mg or placebo.

Participants received matching placebo once weekly.

Semaglutide improves kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes

Participants received weekly injectable semaglutide 2.4 mg.

Semaglutide 2.4 mg

In SELECT, people with overweight or obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease without diabetes were randomized to weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo.

Semaglutide may reduce cardiovascular events in non-diabetic patients.

Semaglutide 1 mg

Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive subcutaneous semaglutide 1.0 mg or matching placebo once weekly.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: p value significance conflict.

Semaglutide × All-cause mortality

Available supporting studies

Oral semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes

Semaglutide improves cardiorenal outcomes in high-risk diabetes patients

Semaglutide improves cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients

Semaglutide improves kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes

Semaglutide may reduce cardiovascular events in non-diabetic patients.

Semaglutide reduces cardiovascular risks in type 2 diabetes with CKD