Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Standard SWMS care

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants received SWMS care plus a targeted prescribing pathway for liraglutide 3.0 mg.

Liraglutide 3.0 mg

Participants were randomly allocated (2:1, stratified by centre and BMI) to SWMS care plus a targeted prescribing pathway for once daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3 mg (intervention) with stopping rules at 16 (≥5% weight loss, WL), 32 (≥10% WL) and 52 weeks (≥15% WL) or to SWMS care alone (control) through an online randomization service.

Participants received standard SWMS care alone.

Liraglutide 3 mg pathway improves weight loss.

CPAP and drug treatment without liraglutide

Patients receiving CPAP and drug treatment including liraglutide.

Liraglutide group

T2DM patients with severe OSA were randomized to the liraglutide group (CPAP and drug treatment including liraglutide).

Patients receiving CPAP and drug treatment without liraglutide.

T2DM patients with severe OSA were randomized to the control group (continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP] and drug treatment without liraglutide).

Liraglutide with CPAP improves outcomes in T2DM patients

Lifestyle Counseling

Participants received liraglutide administered by daily subcutaneous injection.

Liraglutide

Thirty-two obese subjects with prediabetes (n=16) or newly diagnosed T2D (n=16), were randomized to the glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) liraglutide or lifestyle counselling until achieving a comparable weight loss.

Participants received lifestyle counseling aimed at achieving weight loss.

Participants in the lifestyle intervention arm were encouraged to achieve the 7% weight loss in the first 6 months, based on previous studies suggesting that most subjects achieve their maximum weight loss within the first 20–24 weeks of a lifestyle program.

Liraglutide × BMI

Available supporting studies

Liraglutide 3 mg pathway improves weight loss.

Liraglutide with CPAP improves outcomes in T2DM patients

Weight loss improves metabolic outcomes in obese patients with diabetes