Physical Activity

Evidence Snapshot

Evidence relationships

Studies reviewed

Outcomes evaluated

Strongest evidence area

Systolic blood pressure

Top Interventions

Rank	Outcome	Effectiveness	Strength	Consistency	Studies
#1	Fasting Plasma Glucose	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#2	GLP 1	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#3	HbA1c	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#4	MicroRNA 192	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#5	VO2 max	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#6	Diastolic blood pressure	Weak Positive	Limited	Mixed	2
#7	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
#8	Pregnancy weight gain	Neutral	Weak	Unclear	1
#9	Systolic blood pressure	Moderate Positive	Limited	Consistent	2
#10	Blood glucose	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1

Rank #1

Fasting Plasma Glucose

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #2

GLP 1

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #3

HbA1c

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #4

MicroRNA 192

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #5

VO2 max

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #6

Diastolic blood pressure

Effectiveness

Weak Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Mixed

Studies

Rank #7

Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #8

Pregnancy weight gain

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Rank #9

Systolic blood pressure

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Consistent

Studies

Rank #10

Blood glucose

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Practical Questions

What outcomes does Physical Activity appear to affect most often?

most studied

Based on 6 evidence relationships across 6 studies

Outcomes:

Fasting Plasma GlucoseGLP 1HbA1c

Interventions:

Aerobic exerciseResistance training

Where are results mixed or inconsistent for Physical Activity?

consistency issues

Based on 2 evidence relationships across 3 studies

Outcomes:

Diastolic blood pressureBlood glucose

Interventions:

Exercise therapyModerate continuous exercise (CON)

Which outcomes need more research for Physical Activity?

research gaps

Based on 3 evidence relationships across 5 studies

Outcomes:

Fasting Plasma GlucoseDiastolic blood pressureSystolic blood pressure

Interventions:

Aerobic exerciseExercise therapy

How does Systolic blood pressure compare with Diastolic blood pressure for Physical Activity?

compare

Based on 2 evidence relationships across 4 studies

Outcomes:

Diastolic blood pressureSystolic blood pressure

Interventions:

Exercise therapy

Evidence Landscape

Evidence landscape

Each bubble represents an evidence relationship. Position shows effectiveness and strength; size reflects study volume.

Limited evidence

Promising

Reliable

High impact

Lower Evidence Strength→Higher Evidence Strength

Lower Effectiveness→Higher Effectiveness

Explore by Outcome

Outcome	Pairs	Research	Avg Strength
Diastolic blood pressure	1	2	45
Systolic blood pressure	1	2	50
Balance performance	2	1	44
Blood glucose	2	1	38
Blood lactate	1	1	33
Cognitive function	2	1	44
Fasting insulin levels	1	1	44
Fasting Plasma Glucose	2	1	44
Functional mobility	2	1	44
Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	1	1	45
GLP 1	2	1	44
HbA1c	2	1	44
MicroRNA 192	2	1	44
Motor Cognitive dual Task performance	2	1	44
Pregnancy weight gain	1	1	34
VO2 max	2	1	44

Latest Research

High-intensity interval exercise causes less blood sugar drop than moderate exercise in type 1 diabetes

Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: 16 de mayo de 2026

int-high-intensity-interval-training-hiitint-moderate-continuous-exercise

out-blood-glucoseout-blood-lactate

Exercise may lower blood pressure in people with diabetes

Study Type: systematic-reviewPublished: 16 de mayo de 2026

int-exercise-therapy

out-diastolic-blood-pressureout-systolic-blood-pressure

Home resistance training and leisure activity both improve blood sugar and boost helpful GLP-1 hormone in children with type 1 diabetes

Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: 7 de mayo de 2026

int-aerobic-exerciseint-resistance-training

out-fasting-insulin-levelsout-fasting-plasma-glucose

Exercise improved balance and cognition in adults with type 2 diabetes

Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: 6 de mayo de 2026

int-motor-cognitive-balance-exerciseint-single-task-balance-training

out-balance-performanceout-cognitive-function

Prenatal exercise may lower gestational diabetes risk, but not pregnancy weight gain

Study Type: randomized-controlled-trials-rctsPublished: 6 de mayo de 2026

int-exercise-therapy

out-diastolic-blood-pressureout-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-incidence

Full Evidence Table

Showing 26 of 26 evidence pairs

Intervention	Outcome	Effectiveness	Strength	Consistency	Studies
Aerobic exercise	Fasting Plasma Glucose	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Aerobic exercise	GLP 1	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Aerobic exercise	HbA1c	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Aerobic exercise	MicroRNA 192	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Aerobic exercise	VO2 max	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Exercise therapy	Diastolic blood pressure	Weak Positive	Limited	Mixed	2
Exercise therapy	Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Exercise therapy	Pregnancy weight gain	Neutral	Weak	Unclear	1
Exercise therapy	Systolic blood pressure	Moderate Positive	Limited	Consistent	2
High Intensity interval training (HIIT)	Blood glucose	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
High Intensity interval training (HIIT)	Blood lactate	Neutral	Weak	Unclear	1
Moderate continuous exercise (CON)	Blood glucose	Neutral	Weak	Mixed	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Balance performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Cognitive function	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Functional mobility	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Motor Cognitive balance exercise	Motor Cognitive dual Task performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	Fasting insulin levels	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	Fasting Plasma Glucose	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	GLP 1	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	HbA1c	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	MicroRNA 192	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Resistance training	VO2 max	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Balance performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Cognitive function	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Functional mobility	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1
Single Task balance training	Motor Cognitive dual Task performance	Moderate Positive	Limited	Unclear	1

Intervention → Outcome

Aerobic exercise → Fasting Plasma Glucose

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Aerobic exercise → GLP 1

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Aerobic exercise → HbA1c

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Aerobic exercise → MicroRNA 192

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Aerobic exercise → VO2 max

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Exercise therapy → Diastolic blood pressure

Effectiveness

Weak Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Mixed

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Exercise therapy → Gestational diabetes mellitus incidence

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Exercise therapy → Pregnancy weight gain

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Exercise therapy → Systolic blood pressure

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Consistent

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

High Intensity interval training (HIIT) → Blood glucose

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

High Intensity interval training (HIIT) → Blood lactate

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Moderate continuous exercise (CON) → Blood glucose

Effectiveness

Neutral

Strength

Weak

Consistency

Mixed

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Balance performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Cognitive function

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Functional mobility

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Motor Cognitive balance exercise → Motor Cognitive dual Task performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → Fasting insulin levels

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → Fasting Plasma Glucose

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → GLP 1

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → HbA1c

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → MicroRNA 192

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Resistance training → VO2 max

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Balance performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Cognitive function

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Functional mobility

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies

Intervention → Outcome

Single Task balance training → Motor Cognitive dual Task performance

Effectiveness

Moderate Positive

Strength

Limited

Consistency

Unclear

Studies