Resumen de Investigación
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Effective recruitment strategies for older adults with type 2 diabetes

Última actualización 10 de septiembre de 2026

Key finding

HbA1c levels decreased significantly.

This study evaluated recruitment strategies for a community-based exercise and nutritional supplementation trial in older adults with type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in several health outcomes.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Medium-Term (3–12 mo)

Risk of bias

Some Concerns

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study evaluated recruitment strategies for a community-based exercise and nutritional supplementation trial in older adults with type 2 diabetes, finding significant improvements in several health outcomes.

Clinical relevance

These findings highlight the potential of community-based interventions that combine physical activity with nutritional support to enhance health outcomes in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Improving glycemic control and physical health can lead to better management of diabetes and overall well-being, making these strategies valuable for clinical practice.

Keep in mind

Limited sample size may affect generalizability. Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects. Potential selection bias in recruitment strategies.

Published in

Referencia de la Revista

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Eliza GM, Caryl AN, David WD, et al. Recruitment strategies for a community-based exercise and nutritional supplementation trial in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Trials. 2016;17:467. doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1589-5

Efectos Principales

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased by 1.5% (p=0.001).

Body fat percentage decreased significantly after 12 weeks.

Muscular strength increased by 5 kg (p=0.004).

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Lift for Life PRT program alone, whey protein 20g and HbA1c, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β), Blood lipid, and 5 more.

Primary intervention

Lift for Life PRT program alone

Primary outcomes

  • HbA1c
  • Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)
  • Blood lipid

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

10
Evidence pairs
10
Relationships
6
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68

6

Related topics

10

Evidence pairs

1058

Related studies

High relevance in at least one topic

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 10 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 6 direct semantic evidence topics

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

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Evidencia principal

Tema de evidencia

Beta-Cell Function

matched_outcome

Evidencia relacionada

Tema de evidencia

HbA1c Reduction

Guardar evidencia

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

HbA1c

Lift for Life PRT program alone → HbA1c

Lift for Life PRT program alone → HbA1c

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence Tracker

Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)

Lift for Life PRT program alone → Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)

Lift for Life PRT program alone → Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence Tracker

Blood lipid

whey protein 20g → Blood lipid

whey protein 20g → Blood lipid

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence Tracker

Change in body composition after 12 weeks of treatment

whey protein 20g → Change in body composition after 12 weeks of treatment

whey protein 20g → Change in body composition after 12 weeks of treatment

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence Tracker

Cognitive function

whey protein 20g → Cognitive function

whey protein 20g → Cognitive function

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence Tracker

HbA1c

whey protein 20g → HbA1c

whey protein 20g → HbA1c

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™
75
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
35
mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 2 estudios
Add to Evidence Tracker

Health-related quality of life

whey protein 20g → Health-related quality of life

whey protein 20g → Health-related quality of life

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence Tracker

Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)

whey protein 20g → Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)

whey protein 20g → Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-β)

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
25
Negative
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence Tracker

Muscular strength

whey protein 20g → Muscular strength

whey protein 20g → Muscular strength

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™
75
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
100
consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 2 estudios
Add to Evidence Tracker

Systolic blood pressure

whey protein 20g → Systolic blood pressure

whey protein 20g → Systolic blood pressure

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™
75
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
35
mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 2 estudios
Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

Build your evidence library

Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.

evidence suggest

La Evidencia Sugiere

  • HbA1c levels decreased significantly by 1.5%.
  • Body fat percentage showed significant reduction after 12 weeks.
  • Muscular strength increased significantly by 5 kg.
who this applies

A quién se aplica

  • Older adults aged 65 and above.
  • Individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
keep in mind

Tener en Cuenta

  • Results may not be applicable to younger populations.
  • Findings are based on a specific community setting.
  • Further research is needed to explore long-term effects.
between the lines

Entre Líneas

  • Limited sample size may affect generalizability.
  • Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects.
  • Potential selection bias in recruitment strategies.

Evidence Library

Build your evidence library

Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.

Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

This study contributes to evidence on whey protein 20g and HbA1c, whey protein 20g and Muscular Strength.

Relaciones de evidencia relacionadas

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does whey protein 20g improve muscular strength?

Moderate Evidence

whey protein 20g may improve muscular strength.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Muscular strength

    EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study

Does whey protein 20g lower HbA1c?

Moderate Evidence

whey protein 20g may lower HbA1c.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    HbA1c

    EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study

Does whey protein 20g improve systolic blood pressure?

Moderate Evidence

whey protein 20g may improve systolic blood pressure.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Systolic blood pressure

    EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study

Does whey protein 20g improve blood lipid?

Emerging Evidence

whey protein 20g appears to improve blood lipid.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Blood lipid

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
1 supporting study
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