Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence TrackerResumen de Investigación
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Online ketogenic diet improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes
Última actualización 12 de septiembre de 2026
Key finding
Participants in the intervention group reduced their HbA1c levels more (estimated marginal mean [EMM] -0.8%, 95% CI -1.1% to -0.6%) than participants in the control group (EMM -0.3%, 95% CI -0.6% to 0.0%; P =.002).
This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of an online very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet for individuals with type 2 diabetes, showing significant improvements in key health metrics.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of an online very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet for individuals with type 2 diabetes, showing significant improvements in key health metrics.
Clinical relevance
These findings suggest that a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet may be a viable option for individuals with type 2 diabetes seeking to improve their blood sugar levels and lose weight. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes, effective dietary strategies are crucial for managing this condition and reducing associated health risks.
Keep in mind
Small sample size limits generalizability. Short duration may not capture long-term effects. Lack of diverse population may affect applicability.
Published in
Referencia de la Revista
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Gunther E, Michelle J, Yasmine P, et al. Online Very Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Feasibility Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2017;19(2):e36. doi:10.2196/jmir.5806
Efectos Principales
Intervention group reduced HbA1c by -0.8% compared to -0.3% in control (p=0.002).
Weight loss in the intervention group was -12.7 kg versus -3.0 kg in control (p<0.001).
Triglyceride levels decreased by -60.1 mg/dL in the intervention group compared to -6.2 mg/dL in control (p=0.01).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Low-carbohydrate diet and Dropout rate, HbA1c, Proportion of participants achieving HbA1c < 6.5%, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Low-carbohydrate diet
Primary outcomes
- Dropout rate
- HbA1c
- Proportion of participants achieving HbA1c < 6.5%
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
5
Evidence pairs
5
Relationships
3
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
3
Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
1787
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 5 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 3 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Evidencia principal
Relación de evidencia
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and Body Weight
Evidencia relacionada
Relación de evidencia
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and HbA1c
Guardar evidencia
Relación de evidencia
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
Guardar evidencia
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 86
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 82
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 65
- generally_consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 24 estudios
Add to Evidence TrackerProportion of participants achieving HbA1c < 6.5%
Low-carbohydrate diet → Proportion of participants achieving HbA1c < 6.5%
Low-carbohydrate diet → Proportion of participants achieving HbA1c < 6.5%
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 67
- Moderate
- ImpactScore™
- 92
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 67
- generally_consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 3 estudios
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 2 estudios
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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La Evidencia Sugiere
- 55% of ketogenic diet participants achieved HbA1c < 6.5% vs 0% in control (p=0.02).
- Dropout rates were 8% in intervention vs 46% in control (p=0.07).
A quién se aplica
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- Individuals seeking dietary interventions for diabetes management.
Tener en Cuenta
- Results may not apply to broader populations due to sample size.
- Further research needed to confirm long-term effects.
- Diet adherence and participant engagement were not fully assessed.
Entre Líneas
- Small sample size limits generalizability.
- Short duration may not capture long-term effects.
- Lack of diverse population may affect applicability.
Evidence Library
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and HbA1c, Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and Body Weight.
Relaciones de evidencia relacionadas
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education → HbA1c
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 86
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 82
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 65
- generally_consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 24 estudios
View evidenceDiet and Nutrition
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education → Body Weight
Diet and Nutrition
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 2 estudios
View evidenceIncluido en estas colecciones de evidencia
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
24 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education Evidence Hub
All studies on Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education
24 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education evidence base.
Body Weight Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Weight
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Weight as a key outcome.
Explora más en Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Low-carbohydrate diet and HbA1c
Intervention: Low-carbohydrate dietOutcome: HbA1c
24 results
All studies on Low-carbohydrate diet and Weight change
Intervention: Low-carbohydrate dietOutcome: Weight change
2 results
All studies on Low-carbohydrate diet
Intervention: Low-carbohydrate diet
24 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
24 results
All studies measuring Weight change
Outcome: Weight change
2 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education affect body weight?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education appears to affect body weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Weight change
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 17 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education lower HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 86.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 28 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education improve adipokine and angiogenic markers?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education appears to improve adipokine and angiogenic markers.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Triglycerides
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 67.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Does Low-carbohydrate diet improve proportion of participants achieving HbA1c < 6.5%?
Emerging Evidence
Low-carbohydrate diet appears to improve proportion of participants achieving HbA1c < 6.5%.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Proportion of participants achieving HbA1c < 6.5%
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
Next steps
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Evidence topics
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Related research
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Carbohydrate restriction lowers HbA1c but not β-cell function in T2DFood-based diet improves weight and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetesModerate Carbohydrate Diet Improves Glycemic Control in Type 1 DiabetesKetogenic diet improves weight and blood glucose control in type 2 diabetesLow-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
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