Última actualización 16 de agosto de 2026
Key finding
HbA1c improved by 1.8% at 6 months.
A peer support intervention improved glycemic control and reduced diabetes distress in veterans with Type 2 diabetes over six months.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
A peer support intervention improved glycemic control and reduced diabetes distress in veterans with Type 2 diabetes over six months.
Improving glycemic control and reducing diabetes distress are crucial for enhancing the overall health and quality of life for veterans with Type 2 diabetes. This study suggests that peer support can be a valuable tool in diabetes management, potentially leading to better long-term health outcomes.
Effectiveness of the intervention remains unclear for some outcomes. Sample size and demographic characteristics may limit generalizability. No significant changes observed in intrinsic motivation and decisional conflict.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Gunther E, Dana A, Janet R, et al. Peer Support Intervention Improves Glycemic Control and Reduces Diabetes Distress in Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes. JMIR Diabetes. 2021;6(1):e21400. doi:10.2196/21400
HbA1c improved by -1.8% at 6 months (p=0.001).
Diabetes distress decreased by -4.8 points at 6 months (p=0.001).
Goal setting improved by 0.225 points during the intervention (p=0.02).
Perceived competence increased by 0.183 points during the intervention (p=0.002).
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Structured family and peer support intervention and Diabetes Distress Scale score, Diabetes management self-efficacy, Goal setting improvement, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Structured family and peer support intervention
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
3
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
700
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Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Evidencia principal
Tema de evidencia
matched_outcome
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Structured family and peer support intervention → Diabetes Distress Scale score
Structured family and peer support intervention → Diabetes Distress Scale score
Structured family and peer support intervention → Diabetes management self-efficacy
Structured family and peer support intervention → Diabetes management self-efficacy
Structured family and peer support intervention → Goal setting improvement
Structured family and peer support intervention → Goal setting improvement
Structured family and peer support intervention → HbA1c
Structured family and peer support intervention → HbA1c
Evidence Library
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Structured family and peer support intervention and HbA1c, Structured family and peer support intervention and Diabetes Distress Measures.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on Structured family and peer support intervention
Contributes to Structured family and peer support intervention evidence base.
All studies measuring Diabetes Distress Measures
Measures Diabetes Distress Measures as a key outcome.
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2 results
1 results
2 results
2 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Structured family and peer support intervention appears to lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Structured family and peer support intervention appears to improve diabetes distress scale score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Diabetes Distress Scale score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Structured family and peer support intervention appears to improve diabetes management self-efficacy.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Diabetes management self-efficacy
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Structured family and peer support intervention appears to improve goal setting improvement.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Goal setting improvement
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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