Última actualización 24 de agosto de 2026
Key finding
VLCBD group showed significantly lower daily carbohydrate intake 27 (IQR25) g vs 89.33 (IQR77.4) g, p<0.001.
This study evaluated the safety and effects of a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet (VLCBD) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease, finding significant reductions in carbohydrate intake, insulin dose, and weight.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the safety and effects of a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet (VLCBD) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease, finding significant reductions in carbohydrate intake, insulin dose, and weight.
The findings of this study are significant as they suggest that a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet may improve metabolic control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Given the rising prevalence of diabetes and its complications, dietary interventions like VLCBD could offer a practical and effective strategy for managing these conditions, potentially reducing the need for medication and improving overall health outcomes.
The study's sample size and demographic diversity may limit generalizability. Long-term effects of VLCBD were not assessed in this trial. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Nur AZ, Nur’ AEW, Aimi FM, et al. Safety and Effects of Very Low Carbohydrate Diet in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(10):e0258507. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258507
VLCBD group had a significantly lower daily carbohydrate intake of 27 g compared to 89.33 g in the LPD group (p<0.001).
Total daily insulin dose was significantly reduced in the VLCBD group by 39 IU (p<0.001).
Weight reduction was greater in the VLCBD group, with a mean loss of -4.0 kg compared to 0.2 kg in the LPD group (p<0.001).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein, Low-carbohydrate diet and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), HbA1c, Initial weight reduction in non-achievers, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
5
Related topics
12
Evidence pairs
1993
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Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Evidencia principal
Relación de evidencia
Evidencia relacionada
Relación de evidencia
Guardar evidencia
Relación de evidencia
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → HbA1c
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → HbA1c
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → Initial weight reduction in non-achievers
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → Initial weight reduction in non-achievers
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → Median daily carbohydrate intake
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → Median daily carbohydrate intake
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → Total daily insulin dose
High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein → Total daily insulin dose
Low-carbohydrate diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Initial weight reduction in non-achievers
Low-carbohydrate diet → Initial weight reduction in non-achievers
Low-carbohydrate diet → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Low-carbohydrate diet → Median daily carbohydrate intake
Low-carbohydrate diet → Median daily carbohydrate intake
Low-carbohydrate diet → Total daily insulin dose
Low-carbohydrate diet → Total daily insulin dose
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and HbA1c, Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education and Fasting Glucose.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education
Contributes to Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education evidence base.
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies on High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein
Contributes to High-protein vegan diet with mycoprotein evidence base.
All studies measuring Initial weight reduction in non-achievers
Measures Initial weight reduction in non-achievers as a key outcome.
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19 results
5 results
19 results
1 results
19 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may improve insulin resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Total daily insulin dose
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 9 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 85.6 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 22 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may improve fasting glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 84.3 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 10 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education may improve inflammatory markers.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
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