Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 relevant study has unresolved authoritative design evidence and does not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

1 supporting study does not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Not applicable to this study design or comparison.

Source evidence could not be resolved sufficiently for this field.

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: design, risk_of_bias.

Participants followed a three-phase diet plan over 48 weeks, including a homemade meal replacement of 800 calories for the first 12 weeks.

Homemade Very Low Calorie Diet

Individuals with a BMI > 35 kg/m2 and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes for less than 4 years followed a three-phase diet plan over 48 weeks, including a homemade meal replacement of 800 calorie for the first 12 weeks.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: sample size arm total mismatch.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: source evidence unresolved.

Homemade VLCD improves weight loss in type 2 diabetes

Available source content was suppressed because validation identified a conflict.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: comparator.

Participants followed a strict ketogenic diet plan using commercial meal replacements as the primary source of nutrition.

Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD)

Patients in the VLCKD group followed a strict ketogenic diet plan using commercial meal replacements as the primary source of nutrition.

Participants followed a whole-food ketogenic diet modeled on Mediterranean dietary principles, with no meal replacement products.

Mediterranean Ketogenic Diet (MedKD)

Patients in the MedKD group followed a whole-food ketogenic diet modeled on Mediterranean dietary principles, with no meal replacement products.

Mediterranean Ketogenic Diet Shows Comparable Weight Loss to VLCKD

Low-calorie diet (LCD)

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants followed the MIND low-calorie diet for 12 weeks.

MIND low-calorie diet (MLCD)

Subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the MIND low-calorie diet (MLCD) or a low-calorie diet (LCD) using a random sequence generated by the random block method.

Participants followed a low-calorie diet for 12 weeks as the control group.

Subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the MIND low-calorie diet (MLCD) or a low-calorie diet (LCD) as the control group.

MIND Diet Improves Sleep Quality and Mental Health in Diabetic Women

Structured population data were available for 2 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

2 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

2 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

1 supporting study lacks usable structured population information.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 11 of 11 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 9 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 11 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo, usual_care.

9 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

2 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

1 study contains conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

3 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 9 of 9 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 7 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, other, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

4 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, placebo.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: placebo, usual_care.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 9 of 9 supporting studies. 9 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 9 studies described adult participants.

Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet × Waist circumference

Available supporting studies

Homemade VLCD improves weight loss in type 2 diabetes

Mediterranean Ketogenic Diet Shows Comparable Weight Loss to VLCKD

MIND Diet Improves Sleep Quality and Mental Health in Diabetic Women