Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

2 of 4 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Not applicable to this study design or comparison.

Not reported in the authoritative source.

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: design, risk_of_bias.

Participants followed a three-phase diet plan over 48 weeks, including a homemade meal replacement of 800 calories for the first 12 weeks.

Homemade Very Low Calorie Diet

Individuals with a BMI > 35 kg/m2 and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes for less than 4 years followed a three-phase diet plan over 48 weeks, including a homemade meal replacement of 800 calorie for the first 12 weeks.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: authoritative design unavailable.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: sample size arm total mismatch.

Homemade VLCD improves weight loss in type 2 diabetes

Standard care

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants received a structured low-calorie diet intervention for 6 weeks.

Low-calorie diet (LCD)

Twenty obese T2D patients were randomized into an intervention group (n=15) (6-week 1000–1200 kcal/day of glycemic and metabolic control LCD)

Participants received standard care without the low-calorie diet intervention.

Twenty obese T2D patients were randomized into a matched control group (n=5)

Low-Calorie Diet Improves Metabolic Control in Obese T2 Diabetes Patients

Participants received a 9-day very low-calorie diet with specific calorie restrictions and individualized meal plans.

Very Low-Calorie Diet Intervention

A total of 223 newly diagnosed T2DM patients who received 9-day VLCD intervention (300–600 kcal/day) at the Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2021 to December 2023 were enrolled.

Phase angle predicts VLCD success in type 2 diabetes

Obese controls

Lean controls

Patients followed a very low calorie diet and an exercise program for 16 weeks.

VLCD + exercise

We randomly assigned 13 of the 27 patients to simultaneously follow an exercise program.

Patients followed a very low calorie diet for 16 weeks without exercise.

VLCD only

The following fit candidates were assigned to the VLCD-only intervention.

Obese control subjects matched for gender, age, race, and geographical area.

Obese control subjects were matched for BMI as well.

Lean control subjects matched for gender, age, race, and geographical area.

Control subjects were matched for gender, age, race and geographical area.

Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet × Body weight

Available supporting studies

Homemade VLCD improves weight loss in type 2 diabetes

Low-Calorie Diet Improves Metabolic Control in Obese T2 Diabetes Patients

Phase angle predicts VLCD success in type 2 diabetes

Very low calorie diets improve metabolic health in obese diabetes patients.