Last updated July 15, 2026
Key finding
HOMA-IR after treatment decreased by 12.505.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, finding significant improvements in insulin resistance and other metabolic markers.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, finding significant improvements in insulin resistance and other metabolic markers.
These findings are clinically significant as they suggest that a very low-calorie diet can be an effective intervention for managing type 2 diabetes, potentially leading to better long-term health outcomes. Understanding the predictors of dietary efficacy, such as phase angle, can help tailor treatments to individual patients, enhancing the overall management of diabetes.
Non-randomized design limits causal inferences. Sample size may affect the generalizability of results. Lack of long-term follow-up data on sustained effects.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Yanjing F, Tianchi H, Yi Z, Rong L. Phase angle as a predictor of therapeutic efficacy of very low-calorie diet in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Medicine. 2025;104(43):e45432. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000045432
139 patients (62.3%) achieved HOMA-IR < 2.5, indicating improved insulin resistance.
Body weight decreased significantly by -7.691 kg/m² (p=0.001).
Fasting blood glucose levels decreased significantly by -5.772 mmol/L (p=0.001).
Fasting insulin levels decreased significantly by -11.925 mmol/L (p=0.001).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet and Body weight, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Fasting insulin levels, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
4
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
798
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.
Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Body weight
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Body weight
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Fasting insulin levels
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Fasting insulin levels
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Gastrointestinal disorders incidence
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Gastrointestinal disorders incidence
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Insulin resistance
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Insulin resistance
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Phase angle
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet → Phase angle
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Ketogenic Diets and Body Weight, Ketogenic Diets and Insulin Resistance.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Body Weight
Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Insulin Resistance
Measures Insulin Resistance as a key outcome.
All studies on Ketogenic Diets
Contributes to Ketogenic Diets evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
3 results
3 results
3 results
3 results
3 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Ketogenic Diets may improve Insulin Resistance.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Insulin resistance
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 76.2 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Fasting insulin levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Ketogenic Diets appears to improve Body Weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 76.2 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Ketogenic Diets appears to improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Ketogenic Diets for Gastrointestinal Adverse Events.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Gastrointestinal disorders incidence
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Next steps
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.
Read related research summaries.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Your data is always protected.
New studies added every day.
