Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. Age groups were heterogeneous: 2 studies with adult participants, 1 studies with youth participants.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

Usual care

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants received a tiered care team–delivered mHealth-mediated service package for diabetes management.

ROADMAP intervention

576 communities (13,037 participants) were centrally randomized to the intervention.

Participants received standard diabetes care without the mHealth intervention.

288 communities (6,509 participants) to usual care.

mHealth intervention improves diabetes control in primary care.

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: comparator.

Families received no telehealth visits and accessed mHealth content independently.

Self-Guided (SG)

We randomized 13 families to the SG treatment arm.

Families received three video-based telehealth visits along with mHealth content.

Enhanced Self-Guided (ESG)

We randomized 11 families to the ESG treatment arm.

Families received eight video-based telehealth visits along with mHealth content.

Video Visits (VV)

We randomized 10 families to the VV treatment arm.

mHealth intervention reduces diabetes distress in families

Waiting list control group

Patients received mHealth diabetes support for 1 year followed by monitored usual diabetes care during a second year.

mHealth diabetes support intervention

Patients randomized to the intervention group received mHealth diabetes support for 1 year followed by monitored usual diabetes care during a second year.

Patients received usual diabetes care for 1 year followed by the mHealth diabetes intervention during a second year.

Those randomized to the waiting list control group received usual diabetes care for 1 year followed by the mHealth diabetes intervention during a second year.

mHealth diabetes support intervention × HbA1c

Available supporting studies

mHealth intervention improves diabetes control in primary care.

mHealth intervention reduces diabetes distress in families

Mobile health support improves blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes