Última actualización 8 de julio de 2026
Key finding
CITS increased the LnRHI (Δ0.11 ± 0.16 vs. Δ−0.08 ± 0.24, p < 0.05)
Citrulline supplementation improved microvascular function and muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to placebo.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
Citrulline supplementation improved microvascular function and muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to placebo.
Improving microvascular function and muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes can enhance overall health and reduce complications associated with the disease. Citrulline supplementation may offer a simple, effective strategy to support these improvements, potentially leading to better management of diabetes-related issues.
Limited sample size may affect generalizability. Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects. Potential confounding factors not fully controlled.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Arturo F, Katherine ND, Danielle EL, Yejin K, Carlo MP. Citrulline Supplementation Improves Microvascular Function and Muscle Strength in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients. 2025;17(17):2790. doi:10.3390/nu17172790
Citrulline supplementation increased the LnRHI by Δ0.11 ± 0.16 (p < 0.05).
Citrulline supplementation increased the TOI range by Δ2.6 ± 3.3% (p < 0.01).
Citrulline supplementation increased calf muscle strength by Δ1.5 ± 2.8 kg (p < 0.05).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) and Glucose iAUC (OGTT), Log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI), Muscular strength, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1)
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
245
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Evidencia principal
Tema de evidencia
matched_outcome
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → Log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI)
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → Log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI)
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → Muscular strength
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → Muscular strength
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → Plasma arginine levels
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → Plasma arginine levels
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → Tissue Oxygen Index (TOI) Range
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → Tissue Oxygen Index (TOI) Range
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → TOI hyperemic response
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) → TOI hyperemic response
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) and Postprandial and OGTT Glucose, L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) and Log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI).
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Supplements
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1)
Contributes to L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) evidence base.
All studies measuring Log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI)
Measures Log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI) as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Postprandial and OGTT Glucose
Measures Postprandial and OGTT Glucose as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) appears to improve Log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) appears to improve Muscular strength.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Muscular strength
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) appears to improve Plasma arginine levels.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Plasma arginine levels
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
L-citrulline supplementation (Phase 1) appears to improve TOI hyperemic response.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
TOI hyperemic response
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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