Resumen de Investigación
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Exercise improves metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes with low insulin resistance

Última actualización 15 de julio de 2026

Key finding

Weight decreased from 66.94 kg to 65.18 kg in Group 1 (p < 0.01).

This study investigated how baseline insulin resistance affects exercise-induced changes in immune-inflammation and metabolic parameters in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Short-Term (≤3 mo)

Risk of bias

Some Concerns

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study investigated how baseline insulin resistance affects exercise-induced changes in immune-inflammation and metabolic parameters in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.

Clinical relevance

Understanding how baseline insulin resistance modulates exercise effects can help tailor interventions for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Improved metabolic parameters can lead to better management of the disease and reduce the risk of complications.

Keep in mind

The study design was non-randomized, which may introduce bias. Sample size and demographic characteristics may limit generalizability. No long-term follow-up data were provided to assess sustained effects.

Published in

Referencia de la Revista

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Wei C, Kai G, Xuelian Z, Keqin Z. Baseline Insulin Resistance Modulates Exercise-Induced Changes in Immune-Inflammation and Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2025;16:1679142. doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1679142

Efectos Principales

Body weight decreased significantly in both groups (Group 1: -1.76 kg, p < 0.01; Group 2: -1.67 kg, p < 0.01).

BMI showed a significant reduction in both groups (Group 1: -0.64 kg/m², p < 0.05; Group 2: -0.61 kg/m², p < 0.01).

Fasting plasma glucose improved across all groups (p < 0.05).

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Aerobic exercise and BMI, Body fat percentage reduction, Body weight, and 6 more.

Primary intervention

Aerobic exercise

Primary outcomes

  • BMI
  • Body fat percentage reduction
  • Body weight

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

9
Evidence pairs
9
Relationships
5
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 72

5

Related topics

9

Evidence pairs

906

Related studies

High relevance in at least one topic

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 9 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 5 direct semantic evidence topics

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

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Evidencia principal

Relación de evidencia

Aerobic Exercise and Body Composition

Evidencia relacionada

Relación de evidencia

Aerobic Exercise and Body Mass Index

Guardar evidencia

Relación de evidencia

Aerobic Exercise and Fasting Glucose

Guardar evidencia

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

BMI

Aerobic exercise → BMI

Aerobic exercise → BMI

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
79
Strong
ImpactScore™
83
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
100
consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 3 estudios
Add to Evidence Tracker

Body fat percentage reduction

Aerobic exercise → Body fat percentage reduction

Aerobic exercise → Body fat percentage reduction

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence Tracker

Body weight

Aerobic exercise → Body weight

Aerobic exercise → Body weight

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
100
consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 2 estudios
Add to Evidence Tracker

C-peptide

Aerobic exercise → C-peptide

Aerobic exercise → C-peptide

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence Tracker

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Aerobic exercise → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Aerobic exercise → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
100
consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 2 estudios
Add to Evidence Tracker

FINS levels improvement

Aerobic exercise → FINS levels improvement

Aerobic exercise → FINS levels improvement

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
100
Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence Tracker

HbA1c

Aerobic exercise → HbA1c

Aerobic exercise → HbA1c

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
77
Strong
ImpactScore™
83
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
100
consistent
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 3 estudios
Add to Evidence Tracker

Insulin resistance

Aerobic exercise → Insulin resistance

Aerobic exercise → Insulin resistance

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™
75
Positive
ConsistencyScore™
35
mixed
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 2 estudios
Add to Evidence Tracker

SII Index

Aerobic exercise → SII Index

Aerobic exercise → SII Index

Evidence Intelligence™
EvidenceScore™
Emerging
Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™
50
Neutral
ConsistencyScore™
unclear
Not enough independent studies
Estudios de apoyo: Basado en 1 estudio
Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

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evidence suggest

La Evidencia Sugiere

  • Body weight decreased significantly in both groups, indicating effective weight management.
  • BMI and body fat percentage reductions were statistically significant, suggesting improved body composition.
  • Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels improved across all groups, reflecting better diabetes control.
who this applies

A quién se aplica

  • Adults diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes.
  • Individuals with varying levels of baseline insulin resistance.
keep in mind

Tener en Cuenta

  • Results may not apply to populations outside the study's demographic.
  • The non-randomized design limits causal inferences.
  • Further research is needed to explore long-term effects of exercise interventions.
between the lines

Entre Líneas

  • The study design was non-randomized, which may introduce bias.
  • Sample size and demographic characteristics may limit generalizability.
  • No long-term follow-up data were provided to assess sustained effects.

Evidence Library

Build your evidence library

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

This study contributes to evidence on Aerobic Exercise and Body Mass Index, Aerobic Exercise and HbA1c.

Relaciones de evidencia relacionadas

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does Aerobic Exercise improve body composition?

Strong Evidence

Aerobic Exercise appears to improve Body Composition.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Body fat percentage reduction

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.

Limitations

  • Population details are unavailable.
4 supporting studiesUpdated: Jul 2026

Does Aerobic Exercise improve fasting glucose?

Strong Evidence

Aerobic Exercise appears to improve Fasting Glucose.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

    EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.

Limitations

  • Population details are unavailable.
3 supporting studiesUpdated: Jul 2026

Does Aerobic Exercise affect body mass index?

Strong Evidence

Aerobic Exercise may improve Body Mass Index.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    BMI

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 78.6 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.

Limitations

  • Population details are unavailable.
3 supporting studiesUpdated: Jul 2026

Does Aerobic Exercise improve HbA1c?

Strong Evidence

Aerobic Exercise appears to improve HbA1c.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    HbA1c

    EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 77.4 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 4 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.

Limitations

  • Population details are unavailable.
4 supporting studiesUpdated: Jul 2026
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