Última actualización 12 de septiembre de 2026
Key finding
TUG test performance improved significantly at 4 weeks.
This study investigated the effects of group-based physical-cognitive training on older adults with Type 2 diabetes and balance impairment, finding significant improvements in balance and daily living activities.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study investigated the effects of group-based physical-cognitive training on older adults with Type 2 diabetes and balance impairment, finding significant improvements in balance and daily living activities.
Improving balance and daily living activities in older adults with Type 2 diabetes is crucial, as it can enhance their quality of life and reduce the risk of falls. This study provides evidence that structured group training can be an effective intervention for this population.
Limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics. Unclear effectiveness for cognitive function and mood outcomes. Potential unmeasured confounders affecting results.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Ratchanok K, Mantana V, Maliwan R, Thanayot S. Effects of Group-Based Physical-Cognitive Training on Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Balance Impairment. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation. 2021;17(2):120-130. doi:10.12965/jer.2142106.053
TUG test performance improved by -2.5 seconds at 4 weeks (p=0.002).
AST performance improved by -1.8 seconds at 4 weeks (p=0.001).
ADL performance improved by 5 points at 1-year follow-up (p=0.049).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) and AST, Activities of daily living, Cognitive function, and 4 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG)
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
0
Related topics
7
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Activities of daily living
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Activities of daily living
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Cognitive function
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Cognitive function
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Depressive symptoms prevalence
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Depressive symptoms prevalence
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Fall incidence
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Fall incidence
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Fear of falling
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Fear of falling
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Functional performance measured by the Timed Up and Go test
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) → Functional performance measured by the Timed Up and Go test
Evidence Library
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) and Activities of Daily Living, Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) and AST.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Activities of Daily Living
Measures Activities of Daily Living as a key outcome.
All studies measuring AST
Measures AST as a key outcome.
All studies on Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG)
Contributes to Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) evidence base.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) appears to improve ast.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
AST
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) appears to improve activities of daily living.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Activities of daily living
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) appears to improve functional performance measured by the timed up and go test.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Functional performance measured by the Timed Up and Go test
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Social Cognitive Theory-based group (TBG) for cognitive function.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Cognitive function
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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