Última actualización 22 de agosto de 2026
Key finding
Adolescents in the hybrid closed-loop group showed significantly greater improvement in cortical surface area.
This study evaluated the effects of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system on cognitive function in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes, finding significant improvements in several brain metrics.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system on cognitive function in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes, finding significant improvements in several brain metrics.
Improving cognitive function in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes is crucial, as it can enhance academic performance and overall quality of life. The findings suggest that utilizing advanced insulin delivery systems may provide significant benefits beyond glycemic control, potentially leading to better long-term outcomes for this population.
The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. The effects of long-term use of the hybrid system were not assessed. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled for.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Allan LR, Booil J, Ana MA, et al. Improved Cognitive Function in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Using Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery. Nature Communications. 2022;13:4940. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32289-x
The hybrid closed-loop group showed an increase in cortical surface area by 1.5 cm² (p=0.01).
The hybrid closed-loop group exhibited an increase in regional gray volumes by 2 cm³ (p=0.02).
The hybrid closed-loop group demonstrated an increase in fractional anisotropy by 0.5 fraction (p=0.03).
The hybrid closed-loop group had a higher Perceptual Reasoning Index IQ score by 4 points (p=0.005).
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to Hybrid closed-loop system, Standard treatment and Cortical surface area improvement, Improvement in Fractional Anisotropy, Improvement in Regional Gray Matter Volumes, and 4 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Hybrid closed-loop system
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
0
Related topics
7
Evidence pairs
0
Related studies
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Hybrid closed-loop system → Cortical surface area improvement
Hybrid closed-loop system → Cortical surface area improvement
Hybrid closed-loop system → Improvement in Fractional Anisotropy
Hybrid closed-loop system → Improvement in Fractional Anisotropy
Hybrid closed-loop system → Improvement in Regional Gray Matter Volumes
Hybrid closed-loop system → Improvement in Regional Gray Matter Volumes
Hybrid closed-loop system → Perceptual Reasoning Index IQ Score
Hybrid closed-loop system → Perceptual Reasoning Index IQ Score
Standard treatment → Cortical thickness (Co.Th)
Standard treatment → Cortical thickness (Co.Th)
Standard treatment → Total gray matter volume
Standard treatment → Total gray matter volume
Standard treatment → Total white matter volume
Standard treatment → Total white matter volume
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Insulin Delivery Systems and Cortical surface area improvement, Insulin Delivery Systems and Improvement in Fractional Anisotropy.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Cortical surface area improvement
Measures Cortical surface area improvement as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Improvement in Fractional Anisotropy
Measures Improvement in Fractional Anisotropy as a key outcome.
All studies on Insulin Delivery Systems
Contributes to Insulin Delivery Systems evidence base.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Hybrid closed-loop system appears to improve Cortical surface area improvement.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Cortical surface area improvement
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Hybrid closed-loop system appears to improve Improvement in Fractional Anisotropy.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Improvement in Fractional Anisotropy
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Hybrid closed-loop system appears to improve Improvement in Regional Gray Matter Volumes.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Improvement in Regional Gray Matter Volumes
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Hybrid closed-loop system appears to improve Perceptual Reasoning Index IQ Score.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Perceptual Reasoning Index IQ Score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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