Hybrid diabetes education with CGM modestly improved HbA1c and well-being in adults
Key takeaway:
In adults with type 1 diabetes, a multidisciplinary hybrid education program integrated with continuous glucose monitoring was associated with a modest HbA1c reduction and small improvements in treatment satisfaction and hypoglycemia-related awareness over 9 months.
Study at a glance
What was studied
A multidisciplinary hybrid education program with CGM support in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Study type
non-randomized clinical trial (non-RCT or NRCT)
duration
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Intervention
Remote Educational Program, Continuous glucose monitoring
Outcomes
HbA1c, Treatment satisfaction, Quality of life, Hypoglycemia symptom score, Time in range, Time above range, Time below range, Glucose variability
Funding
Non-industry sponsored
Main effects
↓ HbA1c decreased from 7.70% to 7.45%
↑ Treatment satisfaction score increased (DTSQ)
≈ Most CGM pattern metrics showed no clear change
Evidence Summary
| Intervention | Outcome | Measured Change | Study Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
 Continuous glucose monitoring (Devices & Technology) |  Glucose variability (Glycemic Control) | Uncertain | Limited |
Continuous glucose monitoring (Devices & Technology) | Time above range (Glycemic Control) | Uncertain | Limited |
Continuous glucose monitoring (Devices & Technology) | Time below range (Glycemic Control) | Uncertain | Limited |
Continuous glucose monitoring (Devices & Technology) | Time in range (Glycemic Control) | Uncertain | Limited |
 Remote Educational Program (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | HbA1c (Glycemic Control) | Decrease | Limited |
Remote Educational Program (Behavioral & Lifestyle) |  Hypoglycemia symptom score (Patient-Reported) | Decrease | Limited |
Remote Educational Program (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | Quality of life (Patient-Reported) | Mixed | Mixed |
Remote Educational Program (Behavioral & Lifestyle) | Treatment satisfaction (Patient-Reported) | Increase | Mixed |
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Evidence Suggest
- Hybrid multidisciplinary diabetes education with CGM can support modest glycemic improvement in routine practice
- Psychosocial and treatment-experience outcomes may improve even when CGM pattern metrics remain stable
- Higher baseline HbA1c appears linked to greater absolute HbA1c improvement
Who this applies to
Adults with type 1 diabetes using insulin therapy and initiating intermittent-scanning CGM in routine specialist care.
Keep in Mind
The study suggests benefit, but cause-and-effect is uncertain without a comparator group. Results reflect one hospital program and may differ in other systems, staffing models, or patient populations.
Between the Lines
- No control group and no randomization
- Single-center design may limit generalizability
- Potential confounding from concurrent routine care changes
- Mixed endpoint pattern with modest effect size for glycemia
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Journal Reference
Ruiz-Trillo CA, Pérez-Morales A, Cortés-Lerena A, et al. Emotional Well-Being and Glycemic Control in People with Diabetes After a Multidisciplinary Hybrid Education. Healthcare (Basel). 2026;14(2):198. doi:10.3390/healthcare14020198
Connected Evidence
Discover how this study fits into the broader diabetes evidence landscape.
This study contributes to evidence on Remote Educational Program and HbA1c, Continuous glucose monitoring and Time above range.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention–outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Remote Educational Program Evidence Hub
All studies on Remote Educational Program
Contributes to Remote Educational Program evidence base.
Continuous glucose monitoring Evidence Hub
All studies on Continuous glucose monitoring
Contributes to Continuous glucose monitoring evidence base.
Quality of life Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Quality of life
Measures Quality of life as a key outcome.
Time above range Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Time above range
Measures Time above range as a key outcome.
Explore more in the evidence archive
Jump to pre-filtered views in the evidence archive.
All studies on Remote Educational Program and HbA1c
3 results
All studies on Continuous glucose monitoring and Time above range
2 results
All studies on Remote Educational Program
3 results
All studies on Continuous glucose monitoring
2 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
3 results
Questions this evidence helps answer
Key clinical and research questions this study contributes to.
Does remote educational program improve HbA1c?
Based on connected evidence for Remote Educational Program and HbA1c.
Does continuous glucose monitoring affect Time above range in people with diabetes?
Exploring evidence on Continuous glucose monitoring and Time above range outcomes.
What does the evidence say about remote educational program and Quality of life?
Review of studies examining Remote Educational Program and Quality of life.
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