Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Metformin
Evidence related to metformin therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 31
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Intervention Evidence
Intervention Evidence
Explore treatments, medications, devices, dietary approaches, and other interventions studied in diabetes research.
516
Interventions
Distinct interventions represented in the evidence index
27
Intervention Groups
Backend-defined intervention groups with evidence coverage
869
Research Studies
Active research documents analyzed in the evidence index
4,544
Evidence Relationships
Intervention-outcome relationships with scored evidence
1,453
Outcomes
Distinct outcomes measured across intervention evidence
Dediabetes organizes diabetes interventions by evidence strength, outcomes studied, research coverage, and validated evidence relationships.
Featured Interventions
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Evidence related to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 58
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cBody weightComposite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Liraglutide
Evidence related to liraglutide and liraglutide-containing intervention regimens in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 16
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
Body weightHbA1cBMI
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
Insulin Therapies
Evidence related to insulin therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 26
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cTime in rangeTotal daily insulin dose
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Evidence related to SGLT2 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 32
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cBody weightFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Moderate EvidenceModerate Evidence
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Evidence related to DPP-4 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 20
- Evidence
- Moderate Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cCoefficient of variationBody weight
What's New in Intervention Evidence
January 1, 2026
Acute exercise improves long-term glycemic control in older adults.
Relevant to 5 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Aloe Vera Gel Improves Periodontal Health in Diabetic Patients
Relevant to 10 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Artificial pancreas may improve glucose control in type 1 diabetes
Relevant to 5 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Automated insulin delivery improves glucose management in diabetes with CKD
Relevant to 6 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Automated insulin-glucagon delivery reduces hypoglycemia risk
Relevant to 7 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Bariatric surgery improves type 2 diabetes remission through gut microbiota changes
Relevant to 7 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Baseline features predict exenatide efficacy in type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 10 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
BL21 Probiotic Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Relevant to 9 evidence relationships in this category.
Explore Interventions by Category
Diet and Nutrition
90Evidence for interventions in Diet and Nutrition.
Explore categoryMedications
132Evidence for interventions in Medications.
GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsStrong
GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsStrong
Supplements
73Evidence for interventions in Supplements.
Diabetic NeuropathyStrong
MelatoninStrong
Physical Activity
27Evidence for interventions in Physical Activity.
Explore categoryBehavioral & Lifestyle
103Evidence for interventions in Behavioral & Lifestyle.
Dietary PatternsStrong
PrediabetesStrong
Devices & Technology
37Evidence for interventions in Devices & Technology.
Diabetes TechnologyStrong
Diabetes TechnologyStrong
Procedures
32Evidence for interventions in Procedures.
Bariatric ProceduresStrong
Bariatric ProceduresStrong
Control
1Evidence for interventions in Control.
Ordinary riceEmerging
Most Validated Intervention-Outcome Relationships
Top-ranked relationships with available EvidenceScore™ and ConsistencyScore™ signals.
Supporting studies: Based on 17 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 27 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 16 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 37 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 17 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 9 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 8 studies
Explore evidenceSupporting studies: Based on 19 studies
Explore evidenceEvidence by Intervention and Outcome Groups
| Intervention group | Featured outcome group | EvidenceScore™ | Studies | Relationships | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Fasting Glucose | Strong | 65 | 166 | Browse |
| Insulin Delivery Systems | CGM Time in Range | Strong | 38 | 51 | Browse |
| SGLT2 Inhibitors | Body Weight | Strong | 29 | 71 | Browse |
| DPP-4 Inhibitors | HbA1c | Strong | 20 | 51 | Browse |
| Insulin Therapies | HbA1c | Strong | 26 | 47 | Browse |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | HbA1c | Strong | 61 | 144 | Browse |
| Probiotics and Synbiotics | Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | Strong | 15 | 53 | Browse |
| Metformin Therapies | Fasting Glucose | Strong | 28 | 40 | Browse |
| Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education | HbA1c | Strong | 32 | 57 | Browse |
| Ketogenic Diets | Body Weight | Strong | 13 | 48 | Browse |
| Thiazolidinediones | HbA1c | Strong | 8 | 11 | Browse |
| Digital Lifestyle Interventions | Body Mass Index | Strong | 10 | 31 | Browse |
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 65
166 relationships
Browse evidenceInsulin Delivery Systems
CGM Time in Range
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 38
51 relationships
Browse evidenceSGLT2 Inhibitors
Body Weight
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 29
71 relationships
Browse evidenceDPP-4 Inhibitors
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 20
51 relationships
Browse evidenceInsulin Therapies
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 26
47 relationships
Browse evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 61
144 relationships
Browse evidenceProbiotics and Synbiotics
Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 15
53 relationships
Browse evidenceMetformin Therapies
Fasting Glucose
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 28
40 relationships
Browse evidenceLow-Carbohydrate Diet Education
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 32
57 relationships
Browse evidenceKetogenic Diets
Body Weight
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 13
48 relationships
Browse evidenceThiazolidinediones
HbA1c
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 8
11 relationships
Browse evidenceDigital Lifestyle Interventions
Body Mass Index
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Studies
- 10
31 relationships
Browse evidenceAll Interventions
Browse 516 interventions represented in the evidence graph.
Showing 1-25 of 516 interventions
| Intervention | Category | Group | EvidenceScore™ | Studies | Outcomes | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-carbohydrate diet | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education | 86/100 | 29 | 94 | |
| Semaglutide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 86/100 | 28 | 86 | |
| Mediterranean diet | Diet and Nutrition | Cardiometabolic Risk | 85/100 | 19 | 77 | |
| Vitamin D supplementation | Supplements | Diabetic Neuropathy | 82/100 | 19 | 77 | |
| Metformin | Medications | Metformin Therapies | 85/100 | 27 | 71 | |
| Hybrid closed-loop system | Devices & Technology | Insulin Delivery Systems | 88/100 | 26 | 64 | |
| DSMES | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 86/100 | 15 | 56 | |
| Liraglutide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 83/100 | 14 | 56 | |
| Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Prediabetes | 86/100 | 20 | 52 | |
| Tirzepatide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 83/100 | 17 | 52 | |
| Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet | Diet and Nutrition | Ketogenic Diets | 79/100 | 11 | 52 | |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | Devices & Technology | Insulin Delivery Systems | 86/100 | 16 | 51 | |
| Dapagliflozin | Medications | SGLT2 Inhibitors | 79/100 | 11 | 50 | |
| Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) | Diet and Nutrition | Dietary Patterns | 79/100 | 9 | 50 | |
| Insulin therapy | Medications | Insulin Therapies | 83/100 | 15 | 48 | |
| SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 82/100 | 12 | 48 | |
| Exercise therapy | Physical Activity | Cardiometabolic Risk | 83/100 | 13 | 47 | |
| Gastric bypass | Procedures | Bariatric Procedures | 79/100 | 9 | 46 | |
| Empagliflozin | Medications | SGLT2 Inhibitors | 85/100 | 15 | 44 | |
| Resistance training | Physical Activity | Cardiometabolic Risk | 82/100 | 12 | 43 | |
| Aerobic exercise | Physical Activity | Aerobic Exercise | 79/100 | 9 | 42 | |
| Usual care | Behavioral & Lifestyle | 86/100 | 23 | 39 | ||
| Non-surgical periodontal treatment | Procedures | 84/100 | 20 | 38 | ||
| Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors | Medications | DPP-4 Inhibitors | 85/100 | 10 | 37 | |
| Melatonin | Supplements | 77/100 | 8 | 36 |
Low-carbohydrate diet
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 29
94 outcomes
Semaglutide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 28
86 outcomes
Mediterranean diet
Diet and Nutrition - Cardiometabolic Risk
- EvidenceScore™
- 85/100
- Studies
- 19
77 outcomes
Vitamin D supplementation
Supplements - Diabetic Neuropathy
- EvidenceScore™
- 82/100
- Studies
- 19
77 outcomes
Metformin
Medications - Metformin Therapies
- EvidenceScore™
- 85/100
- Studies
- 27
71 outcomes
Hybrid closed-loop system
Devices & Technology - Insulin Delivery Systems
- EvidenceScore™
- 88/100
- Studies
- 26
64 outcomes
DSMES
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 15
56 outcomes
Liraglutide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 14
56 outcomes
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Prediabetes
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 20
52 outcomes
Tirzepatide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 17
52 outcomes
Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet
Diet and Nutrition - Ketogenic Diets
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 11
52 outcomes
Continuous glucose monitoring
Devices & Technology - Insulin Delivery Systems
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 16
51 outcomes
Dapagliflozin
Medications - SGLT2 Inhibitors
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 11
50 outcomes
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE)
Diet and Nutrition - Dietary Patterns
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 9
50 outcomes
Insulin therapy
Medications - Insulin Therapies
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 15
48 outcomes
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
- EvidenceScore™
- 82/100
- Studies
- 12
48 outcomes
Exercise therapy
Physical Activity - Cardiometabolic Risk
- EvidenceScore™
- 83/100
- Studies
- 13
47 outcomes
Gastric bypass
Procedures - Bariatric Procedures
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 9
46 outcomes
Empagliflozin
Medications - SGLT2 Inhibitors
- EvidenceScore™
- 85/100
- Studies
- 15
44 outcomes
Resistance training
Physical Activity - Cardiometabolic Risk
- EvidenceScore™
- 82/100
- Studies
- 12
43 outcomes
Aerobic exercise
Physical Activity - Aerobic Exercise
- EvidenceScore™
- 79/100
- Studies
- 9
42 outcomes
Usual care
Behavioral & Lifestyle
- EvidenceScore™
- 86/100
- Studies
- 23
39 outcomes
Non-surgical periodontal treatment
Procedures
- EvidenceScore™
- 84/100
- Studies
- 20
38 outcomes
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Medications - DPP-4 Inhibitors
- EvidenceScore™
- 85/100
- Studies
- 10
37 outcomes
Melatonin
Supplements
- EvidenceScore™
- 77/100
- Studies
- 8
36 outcomes