Limited EvidenceLimited Evidence
Metformin
Evidence related to metformin therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 15
- Evidence
- Limited Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)HDL cholesterol
Intervention Evidence
Intervention Evidence
Explore treatments, medications, devices, dietary approaches, and other interventions studied in diabetes research.
244
Interventions
Distinct interventions represented in the evidence graph
18
Intervention Groups
Backend-defined intervention groups with evidence coverage
326
Research Studies
Active research documents analyzed in the evidence graph
1,744
Evidence Relationships
Intervention-outcome relationships with scored evidence
666
Outcomes
Distinct outcomes measured across intervention evidence
Last updated: July 10, 2026
Dediabetes organizes diabetes interventions by evidence strength, outcomes studied, research coverage, and validated evidence relationships.
Featured Interventions
Limited EvidenceLimited Evidence
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Evidence related to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 40
- Evidence
- Limited Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cBody weightCardiovascular events
Limited EvidenceLimited Evidence
Liraglutide
Evidence related to liraglutide and liraglutide-containing intervention regimens in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 10
- Evidence
- Limited Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cBody weightIncidence of vascular events within 90 days
Limited EvidenceLimited Evidence
Insulin Therapies
Evidence related to insulin therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 8
- Evidence
- Limited Evidence
Featured outcomes
Total daily insulin doseBlood glucoseBody Mass Index (BMI) change
Limited EvidenceLimited Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Evidence related to SGLT2 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 18
- Evidence
- Limited Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cRenal and urinary disorders incidenceAll-cause mortality
Limited EvidenceLimited Evidence
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Evidence related to DPP-4 inhibitor therapies in diabetes studies.
- Studies
- 11
- Evidence
- Limited Evidence
Featured outcomes
HbA1cHypoglycemic symptomsBody weight
What's New in Intervention Evidence
May 26, 2026
Photobiomodulation shows small periodontal benefits but mixed systemic effects in type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 1 evidence relationship in this category.
January 1, 2026
BL21 Probiotic Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Relevant to 9 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Carob concentrate may improve blood sugar markers in prediabetes
Relevant to 8 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Curcuma longa extract improves neuropathy symptoms in type 2 diabetes
Relevant to 11 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Curcumin may improve inflammation and glycemic control in diabetes
Relevant to 9 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Dapagliflozin-linagliptin combo improves glycemic control and organ protection
Relevant to 8 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Daqing Diabetes Prevention Study II
Relevant to 7 evidence relationships in this category.
January 1, 2026
Digital Health Intervention Improves Self-Care for Gestational Diabetes
Relevant to 10 evidence relationships in this category.
Explore Interventions by Category
Diet and Nutrition
24Evidence for interventions in Diet and Nutrition.
Dietary PatternsEmerging
Cardiometabolic RiskEmerging
Dietary PatternsEmerging
Dietary PatternsEmerging
Medications
71Evidence for interventions in Medications.
Adverse Events and SafetyModerate
Adverse Events and SafetyModerate
GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsModerate
GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsModerate
Physical Activity
12Evidence for interventions in Physical Activity.
Cardiometabolic RiskEmerging
Cardiometabolic RiskEmerging
Diabetic NeuropathyEmerging
Diabetic NeuropathyEmerging
Supplements
55Evidence for interventions in Supplements.
Diabetic NeuropathyModerate
Probiotics and SynbioticsEmerging
Supplements and NutraceuticalsEmerging
Fish oilEmerging
Behavioral & Lifestyle
43Evidence for interventions in Behavioral & Lifestyle.
Explore category
Devices & Technology
13Evidence for interventions in Devices & Technology.
Diabetes TechnologyModerate
Diabetes TechnologyEmerging
Diabetes TechnologyEmerging
HypoglycemiaEmerging
Control
3Evidence for interventions in Control.
Control (Usual Activity)Emerging
Maltodextrin (control)Limited
Procedures
12Evidence for interventions in Procedures.
Less tight glycemic controlEmerging
Tighter glycemic controlEmerging
Intervention Evidence Snapshot
62
Strongest Intervention Evidence
Interventions with the strongest supported evidence relationships.
Diabetic Neuropathy
20
Most Studied Intervention
Entity with the broadest research coverage in this index.
Adverse Events and Safety
71
Most Connected Intervention
Entity connected to the most scored evidence relationships.
Diabetic Neuropathy
0
Strong Validated Relationships
Top-ranked group relationships with strong or very strong evidence labels.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists -> HbA1c
Most Validated Intervention-Outcome Relationships
Backend-ranked relationships with public evidence and consistency score objects.
| Intervention | Outcome | EvidenceScore™ | ConsistencyScore™ | Studies | Explore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | HbA1c | 65/100 | 93/100 | 24 | Explore |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Body Weight | 60/100 | 90/100 | 23 | Explore |
| Metformin Therapies | HbA1c | 59/100 | 89/100 | 8 | Explore |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 55/100 | 61/100 | 9 | Explore |
| Insulin Therapies | Insulin Resistance | 55/100 | 100/100 | 3 | Explore |
| Insulin Delivery Systems | HbA1c | 55/100 | 100/100 | 5 | Explore |
| Insulin Therapies | Fasting Glucose | 54/100 | 100/100 | 4 | Explore |
| Thiazolidinediones | Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | 54/100 | 0/100 | 2 | Explore |
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - HbA1c
65/10093/10024 studies
Explore evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Body Weight
60/10090/10023 studies
Explore evidenceMetformin Therapies - HbA1c
59/10089/1008 studies
Explore evidenceGLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Cardiovascular Outcomes
55/10061/1009 studies
Explore evidenceInsulin Therapies - Insulin Resistance
55/100100/1003 studies
Explore evidenceInsulin Delivery Systems - HbA1c
55/100100/1005 studies
Explore evidenceInsulin Therapies - Fasting Glucose
54/100100/1004 studies
Explore evidenceThiazolidinediones - Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
54/1000/1002 studies
Explore evidenceEvidence by Intervention and Outcome Groups
| Intervention group | Featured outcome group | Relationships | Studies | Evidence | Explore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | HbA1c | 100 | 39 | Moderate | Browse |
| Metformin Therapies | HbA1c | 32 | 13 | Emerging | Browse |
| Insulin Therapies | Insulin Resistance | 28 | 8 | Emerging | Browse |
| Insulin Delivery Systems | HbA1c | 25 | 8 | Emerging | Browse |
| Thiazolidinediones | Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers | 7 | 2 | Emerging | Browse |
| Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | Left Ventricular Structure | 112 | 38 | Emerging | Browse |
| Magnesium Supplements | Quality of Life Outcomes | 13 | 4 | Emerging | Browse |
| Probiotics and Synbiotics | Endothelial Biomarkers | 54 | 14 | Emerging | Browse |
| DPP-4 Inhibitors | HbA1c | 30 | 11 | Emerging | Browse |
| SGLT2 Inhibitors | Cardiovascular Outcomes | 46 | 16 | Emerging | Browse |
| Curcumin Supplements | Mental Health | 31 | 5 | Emerging | Browse |
| Mind-Body and Balance Exercise | Insulin Resistance | 22 | 2 | Emerging | Browse |
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
HbA1c
100 relationships39 studiesModerate
Browse evidenceMetformin Therapies
HbA1c
32 relationships13 studiesEmerging
Browse evidenceInsulin Therapies
Insulin Resistance
28 relationships8 studiesEmerging
Browse evidenceInsulin Delivery Systems
HbA1c
25 relationships8 studiesEmerging
Browse evidenceThiazolidinediones
Adipokine and Angiogenic Markers
7 relationships2 studiesEmerging
Browse evidenceDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Left Ventricular Structure
112 relationships38 studiesEmerging
Browse evidenceMagnesium Supplements
Quality of Life Outcomes
13 relationships4 studiesEmerging
Browse evidenceProbiotics and Synbiotics
Endothelial Biomarkers
54 relationships14 studiesEmerging
Browse evidenceDPP-4 Inhibitors
HbA1c
30 relationships11 studiesEmerging
Browse evidenceSGLT2 Inhibitors
Cardiovascular Outcomes
46 relationships16 studiesEmerging
Browse evidenceCurcumin Supplements
Mental Health
31 relationships5 studiesEmerging
Browse evidenceMind-Body and Balance Exercise
Insulin Resistance
22 relationships2 studiesEmerging
Browse evidenceAll Interventions
Browse 244 interventions represented in the evidence graph.
Showing 1-25 of 244 interventions
| Intervention | Category | Group | Studies | Outcomes | Evidence | Explore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D supplementation | Supplements | Diabetic Neuropathy | 18 | 71 | Moderate | |
| Semaglutide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 20 | 53 | Moderate | |
| Dapagliflozin | Medications | SGLT2 Inhibitors | 8 | 47 | Moderate | |
| Tirzepatide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 11 | 39 | Moderate | |
| Liraglutide | Medications | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists | 8 | 36 | Moderate | |
| Metformin | Medications | Metformin Therapies | 12 | 30 | Moderate | |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | Devices & Technology | Insulin Delivery Systems | 4 | 11 | Moderate | |
| SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 13 | 41 | Emerging | |
| Mobile app for diabetes self-management | Behavioral & Lifestyle | 7 | 25 | Emerging | ||
| Empagliflozin | Medications | SGLT2 Inhibitors | 6 | 24 | Emerging | |
| mHealth diabetes support intervention | Behavioral & Lifestyle | 2 | 21 | Emerging | ||
| Exercise therapy | Physical Activity | Cardiometabolic Risk | 6 | 20 | Emerging | |
| DSMES | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 5 | 20 | Emerging | |
| Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Prediabetes | 7 | 19 | Emerging | |
| Peer-support lifestyle program | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 4 | 19 | Emerging | |
| Finerenone (nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist) | Medications | Diabetic Kidney Disease | 5 | 18 | Emerging | |
| Digital-based lifestyle intervention | Devices & Technology | Diabetes Technology | 5 | 17 | Emerging | |
| Resistance training | Physical Activity | Cardiometabolic Risk | 3 | 17 | Emerging | |
| Structured multidisciplinary case management | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 3 | 17 | Emerging | |
| Usual care | Behavioral & Lifestyle | 7 | 16 | Emerging | ||
| Multi-species synbiotic (12 probiotic strains + FOS prebiotic) | Supplements | Probiotics and Synbiotics | 3 | 16 | Emerging | |
| Curcumin plus piperine | Supplements | Curcumin Supplements | 2 | 16 | Emerging | |
| Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 2 | 16 | Emerging | |
| Rama Diabetes Care app | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Technology | 3 | 15 | Emerging | |
| Complex lifestyle intervention | Behavioral & Lifestyle | Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs | 1 | 15 | Emerging |
Vitamin D supplementation
Supplements - Diabetic Neuropathy
18 studies71 outcomes
Semaglutide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
20 studies53 outcomes
Dapagliflozin
Medications - SGLT2 Inhibitors
8 studies47 outcomes
Tirzepatide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
11 studies39 outcomes
Liraglutide
Medications - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
8 studies36 outcomes
Metformin
Medications - Metformin Therapies
12 studies30 outcomes
Continuous glucose monitoring
Devices & Technology - Insulin Delivery Systems
4 studies11 outcomes
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
13 studies41 outcomes
Mobile app for diabetes self-management
Behavioral & Lifestyle
7 studies25 outcomes
Empagliflozin
Medications - SGLT2 Inhibitors
6 studies24 outcomes
mHealth diabetes support intervention
Behavioral & Lifestyle
2 studies21 outcomes
Exercise therapy
Physical Activity - Cardiometabolic Risk
6 studies20 outcomes
DSMES
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
5 studies20 outcomes
Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Prediabetes
7 studies19 outcomes
Peer-support lifestyle program
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
4 studies19 outcomes
Finerenone (nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist)
Medications - Diabetic Kidney Disease
5 studies18 outcomes
Digital-based lifestyle intervention
Devices & Technology - Diabetes Technology
5 studies17 outcomes
Resistance training
Physical Activity - Cardiometabolic Risk
3 studies17 outcomes
Structured multidisciplinary case management
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
3 studies17 outcomes
Usual care
Behavioral & Lifestyle
7 studies16 outcomes
Multi-species synbiotic (12 probiotic strains + FOS prebiotic)
Supplements - Probiotics and Synbiotics
3 studies16 outcomes
Curcumin plus piperine
Supplements - Curcumin Supplements
2 studies16 outcomes
Digital physician-pharmacist collaborative care
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
2 studies16 outcomes
Rama Diabetes Care app
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Technology
3 studies15 outcomes
Complex lifestyle intervention
Behavioral & Lifestyle - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
1 studies15 outcomes