Lifestyle changes plus probiotic use were linked with better HbA1c in one man with type 2 diabetes
Last updated May 26, 2026
Key finding
In one man with long-standing type 2 diabetes, a combined non-drug plan including lifestyle changes and probiotic supplementation was associated with lower HbA1c, lower triglycerides, and improved body composition over 3 to 6 months.
This case report describes one patient with type 2 diabetes who chose a non-drug plan including diet and exercise changes, probiotic supplementation, and other supplements while also receiving testosterone therapy. HbA1c and several metabolic markers improved at 3 months. Because this is a single case with overlapping treatments, cause and effect are uncertain.
Quick read
Study at a glance
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EvidenceScore™
Low
Study type
non-randomized clinical trial (non-RCT or NRCT)
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
High Risk
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
In one man with long-standing type 2 diabetes, a combined non-drug plan including lifestyle changes and probiotic supplementation was associated with lower HbA1c, lower triglycerides, and improved body composition over 3 to 6 months.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Griffith A, Perlman A, Karr T, Thompson ME, Kolterman O. Case Report: Lifestyle changes and probiotic supplementation for improving longstanding type 2 diabetes in a male undergoing testosterone replacement therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1754430. doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1754430
Main Effects
↓ HbA1c decreased from 7.2% to 5.9% at 3 months
↓ Triglycerides decreased from 667 mg/dL to 113 mg/dL at 3 months
↓ Body fat mass and body weight decreased over 6 months
Evidence Suggest
- A combined lifestyle-plus-probiotic strategy may support short-term metabolic improvement in selected individuals
- Body composition can improve alongside glycemic markers in comprehensive non-drug plans
- Single-case evidence is hypothesis-generating and cannot establish causality
Who this applies to
Adults with type 2 diabetes who are motivated for intensive lifestyle change
Keep in Mind
This is low-certainty evidence from one person
Between the Lines
- Single-patient case report without control group
- Multiple interventions started together, including testosterone therapy
- Potential sponsor and conflict-of-interest bias
- Several outcomes were not reassessed at 6 months
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