Last updated September 4, 2026
Key finding
Only 57/170 users (34%) logged at least one meal.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Habits-GDM application for managing gestational diabetes. Findings indicated limited application usage and self-awareness among users.
Quick read
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EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Habits-GDM application for managing gestational diabetes. Findings indicated limited application usage and self-awareness among users.
Understanding how users interact with mHealth applications is crucial for improving gestational diabetes management. The findings highlight the need for better design and user engagement strategies to enhance the effectiveness of such interventions.
Limited user engagement with the application. Small sample size of users logging meals. Identified gaps in application design.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Shilpa S, Chang SL, Gerald CHK, et al. A Follow-Up Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial Analyzing a Largely Automated mHealth Application-Based Lifestyle Coaching Program for Gestational Diabetes Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(12):6670. doi:10.3390/ijerph18126670
Only 34% of users logged at least one meal over eight weeks.
An average of 1.85 weight values were logged per week.
43% of users reported increased self-awareness in food choices due to automatic coach messages.
Evidence network
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This study contributes evidence to GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) and Application usage behavior, Gaps in application design, Self-awareness in food choices, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital)
Primary outcomes
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Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
4
Evidence pairs
239
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_intervention
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) → Application usage behavior
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) → Application usage behavior
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) → Gaps in application design
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) → Gaps in application design
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) → Self-awareness in food choices
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) → Self-awareness in food choices
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) → Weight tracking behavior
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) → Weight tracking behavior
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) and Application usage behavior, GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) and Gaps in application design.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Application usage behavior
Measures Application usage behavior as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Gaps in application design
Measures Gaps in application design as a key outcome.
All studies on GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital)
Contributes to GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) evidence base.
All studies measuring Weight tracking behavior
Measures Weight tracking behavior as a key outcome.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) appears to improve application usage behavior.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Application usage behavior
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) appears to improve self-awareness in food choices.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Self-awareness in food choices
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) appears to improve weight tracking behavior.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Weight tracking behavior
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of GDM-DH mobile app (Garbhakalin Diabetes athawa Madhumeha-Dhulikhel Hospital) for gaps in application design.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Gaps in application design
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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