Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
CBTI improves sleep regularity and reduces anxiety in T2D patients
Last updated July 11, 2026
Key finding
CBTI group had significantly improved sleep regularity compared to the HE group (mean difference -21.84 minutes (95% CI -41.64, -2.05, p=0.031).
This study evaluated the impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTI) on sleep regularity and anxiety in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. CBTI showed significant improvements in sleep regularity and anxiety symptoms compared to Health Education (HE).
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTI) on sleep regularity and anxiety in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. CBTI showed significant improvements in sleep regularity and anxiety symptoms compared to Health Education (HE).
Clinical relevance
Improving sleep regularity and reducing anxiety are crucial for managing Type 2 Diabetes effectively. This study suggests that CBTI could be a beneficial intervention for this population, potentially leading to better overall health outcomes and quality of life.
Keep in mind
Self-reported sleep quality did not differ between groups. The study may have limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics. Effectiveness of interventions beyond the 8-week period remains unclear.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Similan K, Sirimon R, Chutintorn S, et al. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Improves Sleep Regularity and Reduces Anxiety in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2025;9(Suppl 1):bvaf149.1237. doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaf149.1237
Main Effects
CBTI group showed significantly improved sleep regularity compared to HE group.
CBTI group had a greater reduction in anxiety symptoms than HE group.
CBTI group experienced a greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose levels compared to HE group.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Behavioral counseling, Remote nutrition education on low-carbohydrate diet and Anxiety score, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Sleep quality, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Behavioral counseling
Primary outcomes
- Anxiety score
- Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
- Sleep quality
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
8
Evidence pairs
8
Relationships
2
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
2
Related topics
8
Evidence pairs
463
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 8 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 2 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Add related evidence to your Evidence Tracker
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Fasting Glucose
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Quality of Life Outcomes
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Mental Health
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Behavioral counseling → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Behavioral counseling → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerAnxiety score
Remote nutrition education on low-carbohydrate diet → Anxiety score
Remote nutrition education on low-carbohydrate diet → Anxiety score
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Remote nutrition education on low-carbohydrate diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Remote nutrition education on low-carbohydrate diet → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerSleep quality
Remote nutrition education on low-carbohydrate diet → Sleep quality
Remote nutrition education on low-carbohydrate diet → Sleep quality
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerSleep regularity
Remote nutrition education on low-carbohydrate diet → Sleep regularity
Remote nutrition education on low-carbohydrate diet → Sleep regularity
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- CBTI improved sleep regularity by 21.84 minutes (p=0.031).
- CBTI reduced anxiety symptoms significantly compared to HE.
- CBTI led to a decrease in fasting plasma glucose levels by 34.27 mg/dL (p=0.001).
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes.
- Individuals experiencing insomnia and anxiety.
Keep in Mind
- Results are specific to the 8-week intervention period.
- Findings may not apply to individuals outside the study demographics.
- Further research is needed to assess long-term effects of CBTI.
Between the Lines
- Self-reported sleep quality did not differ between groups.
- The study may have limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics.
- Effectiveness of interventions beyond the 8-week period remains unclear.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Mental Health, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Quality of Life Outcomes.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs → Mental Health
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 100
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceBehavioral & Lifestyle
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs → Quality of Life Outcomes
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs Evidence Hub
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
2 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
Mental Health Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Mental Health
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Mental Health as a key outcome.
Quality of Life Outcomes Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Quality of Life Outcomes
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Quality of Life Outcomes as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Behavioral counseling and Anxiety score
Intervention: Behavioral counselingOutcome: Anxiety score
2 results
All studies on Behavioral counseling and Sleep quality
Intervention: Behavioral counselingOutcome: Sleep quality
2 results
All studies on Behavioral counseling
Intervention: Behavioral counseling
2 results
All studies measuring Anxiety score
Outcome: Anxiety score
2 results
All studies measuring Sleep quality
Outcome: Sleep quality
2 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs improve fasting glucose?
Strong Evidence
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs improve quality of life outcomes?
Strong Evidence
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Quality of Life Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Sleep quality
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 13 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs improve mental health?
Strong Evidence
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Mental Health.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Anxiety score
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 12 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education improve fasting glucose?
Strong Evidence
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education appears to improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 9 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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Evidence topics
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