Last updated August 21, 2026
Key finding
There were no significant differences between sources (p > 0.05).
This study examined how different dietary protein and carbohydrate sources affect blood sugar levels in individuals with Type 1 diabetes, finding no significant differences in outcomes.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
High Risk
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study examined how different dietary protein and carbohydrate sources affect blood sugar levels in individuals with Type 1 diabetes, finding no significant differences in outcomes.
Understanding how dietary choices impact blood sugar control is crucial for managing Type 1 diabetes. This study's findings suggest that individuals with this condition may not need to focus on specific types of protein or carbohydrates to manage their post-meal blood glucose levels effectively.
The study may have limited generalizability due to the specific population studied. Sample size and diversity were not specified, potentially affecting the robustness of findings. The study did not explore long-term dietary impacts on glycemic control.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Xinyi L, Alice W, Chantelle ZF, et al. Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Affect Postprandial Glycemia in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients. 2025;17(11):1868. doi:10.3390/nu17111868
No significant differences in incremental area under the curve for glucose (p > 0.05).
No statistically significant differences in hypoglycemia incidence between protein sources (p > 0.05).
Incremental area under the curve for glucose by carbohydrate type showed no significance after 1 h (p = 0.185), 3 h (p = 0.538), or 5 h (p = 0.694).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Carbohydrate type meals, Protein type meals and Glucose iAUC (OGTT), Postprandial hypoglycemia incidence.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Carbohydrate type meals
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
3
Evidence pairs
346
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Carbohydrate type meals → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Carbohydrate type meals → Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
Protein type meals → Postprandial hypoglycemia incidence
Protein type meals → Postprandial hypoglycemia incidence
Evidence Library
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Carbohydrate type meals and Postprandial and OGTT Glucose, Protein type meals and Postprandial and OGTT Glucose.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diet and Nutrition
Diet and Nutrition
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Carbohydrate type meals
Contributes to Carbohydrate type meals evidence base.
All studies measuring Postprandial and OGTT Glucose
Measures Postprandial and OGTT Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies on Protein type meals
Contributes to Protein type meals evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Carbohydrate type meals for Glucose iAUC (OGTT).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Protein type meals for Glucose iAUC (OGTT).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Glucose iAUC (OGTT)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Protein type meals for Postprandial hypoglycemia incidence.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Postprandial hypoglycemia incidence
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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