Last updated July 18, 2026
Key finding
The intervention group showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels.
This study evaluated a health literacy-adapted educational intervention for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, finding significant improvements in various health metrics.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated a health literacy-adapted educational intervention for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, finding significant improvements in various health metrics.
This study highlights the importance of health literacy in diabetes management. By improving patients' understanding and self-efficacy, healthcare providers can enhance treatment outcomes, potentially leading to better long-term health and reduced complications associated with diabetes.
The study may have limited generalizability due to specific population characteristics. Sample size and demographic diversity were not detailed, potentially affecting applicability. Long-term effects of the intervention were not assessed.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Alexander M, John RA, Panagiotis P, et al. Effectiveness of a Health Literacy-Adapted Educational Intervention for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus. 2025;17(3):e80239. doi:10.7759/cureus.80239
The intervention group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels by -1.5% (p=0.001).
Fasting plasma glucose levels decreased by -0.8 mmol/L in the intervention group (p=0.002).
Body weight was reduced by -2.5 kg in the intervention group (p=0.004).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Remote multiprofessional educational program, Usual care and Body weight, Exercise self-efficacy, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Remote multiprofessional educational program
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
4
Related topics
12
Evidence pairs
763
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Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Body weight
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Body weight
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Exercise self-efficacy
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Exercise self-efficacy
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Remote multiprofessional educational program → HbA1c
Remote multiprofessional educational program → HbA1c
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Health Literacy Improvement
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Health Literacy Improvement
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Postprandial blood glucose
Remote multiprofessional educational program → Postprandial blood glucose
Usual care → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Usual care → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Usual care → Health Literacy Improvement
Usual care → Health Literacy Improvement
Usual care → Postprandial blood glucose
Usual care → Postprandial blood glucose
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Usual care and HbA1c, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies on Usual care
Contributes to Usual care evidence base.
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Contributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
All studies measuring Body Weight
Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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9 results
5 results
9 results
5 results
9 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 11 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.4 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 33 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs appears to improve Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Exercise self-efficacy
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 11 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs appears to improve Postprandial and OGTT Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Postprandial blood glucose
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
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