StrongDecrease
body fluid volume
Empagliflozin → body fluid volume
Empagliflozin → body fluid volume
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseMetabolic Health
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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Empagliflozin reduces body fluid volume in type 2 diabetes patients
Key finding
A significant difference in body weight change was observed (empagliflozin, −0.58 [95%CI: -1.60, 0.43] kg; glimepiride, 1.20 [95%CI: 0.15, 2.26] kg; P = 0.02)
This study compared the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding no significant differences in flow-mediated dilation but notable differences in body weight and fluid volume.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 5, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Empagliflozin, Glimepiride
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Primary outcome
flow-mediated dilation (ΔFMDs)
Comparator
Glimepiride group
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study compared the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding no significant differences in flow-mediated dilation but notable differences in body weight and fluid volume.
Clinical relevance
Understanding the differential effects of diabetes medications like empagliflozin and glimepiride is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. The significant weight loss and fluid reduction associated with empagliflozin may improve cardiovascular health and overall management of type 2 diabetes, highlighting its potential as a preferred treatment option.
Keep in mind
The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. The trial duration may not capture long-term effects of the medications. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled for.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Haruka T, Yoshinobu K, Kohei I, et al. Empagliflozin and Glimepiride Effects on Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(2):e0262831. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262831
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Main Effects
No significant differences in flow-mediated dilation were observed (empagliflozin: −0.11%; glimepiride: −0.34%; P = 0.73).
Empagliflozin resulted in a significant weight reduction of −0.58 kg compared to a weight increase of 1.20 kg with glimepiride (P = 0.02).
Body fluid volume significantly decreased by −0.33 L after empagliflozin treatment (P = 0.03).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Empagliflozin, Glimepiride and Body weight, Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), HbA1c, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Empagliflozin
Primary outcomes
- Body weight
- Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
- HbA1c
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
8
Evidence pairs
8
Relationships
4
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
4
Related topics
8
Evidence pairs
300
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 8 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 4 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
StrongDecrease
Body weight
Empagliflozin → Body weight
Empagliflozin → Body weight
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseWeight & Anthropometrics
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NoneNo Change
Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Empagliflozin → Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Empagliflozin → Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
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NoneNo Change
HbA1c
Empagliflozin → HbA1c
Empagliflozin → HbA1c
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeGlycemic Control
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NoneDecrease
body fluid volume
Glimepiride → body fluid volume
Glimepiride → body fluid volume
Evidence profile
NoneDecreaseMetabolic Health
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HarmfulIncrease
Body weight
Glimepiride → Body weight
Glimepiride → Body weight
Evidence profile
HarmfulIncreaseWeight & Anthropometrics
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NoneNo Change
Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Glimepiride → Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Glimepiride → Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
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NoneNo Change
HbA1c
Glimepiride → HbA1c
Glimepiride → HbA1c
Evidence profile
NoneNo ChangeGlycemic Control
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Unlock full evidence analysis
Create a free account to access effectiveness ratings, evidence strength and depth scores, consistency analysis, and direct links to all supporting studies.
Evidence Suggest
- Empagliflozin led to a significant weight loss of −0.58 kg compared to glimepiride.
- Body fluid volume decreased by −0.33 L with empagliflozin treatment.
- No significant changes in flow-mediated dilation were found between treatments.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- Individuals seeking medication options for diabetes management.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not be applicable to populations outside the study sample.
- The study focused on short-term outcomes; long-term effects remain uncertain.
- Differences in individual responses to medications may vary.
Between the Lines
- The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings.
- The trial duration may not capture long-term effects of the medications.
- Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled for.
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on SGLT2 Inhibitors and body fluid volume, SGLT2 Inhibitors and Body Weight.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Included in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Body Weight Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Weight
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Weight as a key outcome.
body fluid volume Evidence Hub
All studies measuring body fluid volume
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures body fluid volume as a key outcome.
SGLT2 Inhibitors Evidence Hub
All studies on SGLT2 Inhibitors
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to SGLT2 Inhibitors evidence base.
Explore more in the evidence archive
Jump to pre-filtered views in the evidence archive.
All studies on Empagliflozin and body fluid volume
Intervention: EmpagliflozinOutcome: body fluid volume
1 results
All studies on Empagliflozin and Body weight
Intervention: EmpagliflozinOutcome: Body weight
2 results
All studies on Empagliflozin
Intervention: Empagliflozin
1 results
All studies measuring body fluid volume
Outcome: body fluid volume
1 results
All studies measuring Body weight
Outcome: Body weight
2 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does SGLT2 Inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes?
Emerging Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors appears to improve Cardiovascular Outcomes.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 35.4 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.
Limitations
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does SGLT2 Inhibitors improve HbA1c?
Emerging Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors may improve HbA1c.
ConsensusScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 41.7 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 9 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does SGLT2 Inhibitors affect body weight?
Emerging Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors may improve Body Weight.
ConsensusScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 48.4 | moderate positive | ConsensusScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Sulfonylureas improve HbA1c?
Limited Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of Sulfonylureas for HbA1c.
ConsensusScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 39.9 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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