Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Empagliflozin reduces body fluid volume in type 2 diabetes patients
Last updated July 5, 2026
Key finding
A significant difference in body weight change was observed (empagliflozin, −0.58 [95%CI: -1.60, 0.43] kg; glimepiride, 1.20 [95%CI: 0.15, 2.26] kg; P = 0.02)
This study compared the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding no significant differences in flow-mediated dilation but notable differences in body weight and fluid volume.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study compared the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding no significant differences in flow-mediated dilation but notable differences in body weight and fluid volume.
Clinical relevance
Understanding the differential effects of diabetes medications like empagliflozin and glimepiride is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. The significant weight loss and fluid reduction associated with empagliflozin may improve cardiovascular health and overall management of type 2 diabetes, highlighting its potential as a preferred treatment option.
Keep in mind
The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. The trial duration may not capture long-term effects of the medications. Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled for.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Haruka T, Yoshinobu K, Kohei I, et al. Empagliflozin and Glimepiride Effects on Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(2):e0262831. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262831
Main Effects
No significant differences in flow-mediated dilation were observed (empagliflozin: −0.11%; glimepiride: −0.34%; P = 0.73).
Empagliflozin resulted in a significant weight reduction of −0.58 kg compared to a weight increase of 1.20 kg with glimepiride (P = 0.02).
Body fluid volume significantly decreased by −0.33 L after empagliflozin treatment (P = 0.03).
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Empagliflozin, Glimepiride and Body weight, Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), HbA1c, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Empagliflozin
Primary outcomes
- Body weight
- Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
- HbA1c
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
8
Evidence pairs
8
Relationships
4
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 68
4
Related topics
8
Evidence pairs
729
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 8 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 4 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Add related evidence to your Evidence Tracker
Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.
Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Body Weight
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
SGLT2 Inhibitors and HbA1c
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
Sulfonylureas and HbA1c
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 84
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 70
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 80
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerBrachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Empagliflozin → Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Empagliflozin → Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 85
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 81
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 88
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 8 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 38
- Slightly Negative
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerBrachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Glimepiride → Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Glimepiride → Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Strong
- Score 79 · Based on 3 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 67
- Slightly Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 67
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 3 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Evidence Suggest
- Empagliflozin led to a significant weight loss of −0.58 kg compared to glimepiride.
- Body fluid volume decreased by −0.33 L with empagliflozin treatment.
- No significant changes in flow-mediated dilation were found between treatments.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- Individuals seeking medication options for diabetes management.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not be applicable to populations outside the study sample.
- The study focused on short-term outcomes; long-term effects remain uncertain.
- Differences in individual responses to medications may vary.
Between the Lines
- The study's sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings.
- The trial duration may not capture long-term effects of the medications.
- Potential confounding factors were not fully controlled for.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on SGLT2 Inhibitors and HbA1c, SGLT2 Inhibitors and Body Weight.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
SGLT2 Inhibitors → HbA1c
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 85
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 81
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 88
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 8 studies
View evidenceMedications
SGLT2 Inhibitors → Body Weight
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 84
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 70
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 80
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
8 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
SGLT2 Inhibitors Evidence Hub
All studies on SGLT2 Inhibitors
8 studies
intervention_hubContributes to SGLT2 Inhibitors evidence base.
Body Weight Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Body Weight
5 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Body Weight as a key outcome.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Empagliflozin and HbA1c
Intervention: EmpagliflozinOutcome: HbA1c
8 results
All studies on Empagliflozin and Body weight
Intervention: EmpagliflozinOutcome: Body weight
5 results
All studies on Empagliflozin
Intervention: Empagliflozin
8 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
8 results
All studies measuring Body weight
Outcome: Body weight
5 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does SGLT2 Inhibitors affect body weight?
Strong Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors may improve Body Weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.8 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 8 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does SGLT2 Inhibitors improve HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors may improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 85.4 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 19 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Sulfonylureas improve HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
Sulfonylureas may improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | weak positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Sulfonylureas affect body weight?
Strong Evidence
Sulfonylureas may improve Body Weight.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | weak negative | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
Continue your research
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.
Evidence topics
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Explore in Evidence Explorer
Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.
Related research
Read related research summaries.
Insulin glargine plus metformin and glimepiride improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.Combination therapy improves liver health in type 2 diabetesEmpagliflozin improves heart function in type 2 diabetes patientsAdding medications improves blood sugar control in diabetes patients.Dietary interventions improve glycemic control in pre-diabetic patients
No ads. No tracking.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Secure & private
Your data is always protected.
Always up to date
New studies added every day.