Research Summary

Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

Exercise Improves Serum Albumin Levels in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Last updated August 24, 2026

Key finding

Body weight decreased by 4.28 ± 0.94 kg.

This study investigated the effects of different exercise modalities on serum albumin levels in women with type 2 diabetes, finding significant reductions in body weight and fasting plasma glucose levels.

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

EvidenceScore™

Moderate

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Short-Term (≤3 mo)

Risk of bias

Some Concerns

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Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.

Study focus

Clinical relevance

These findings are clinically significant as they highlight the role of exercise in managing type 2 diabetes. By demonstrating that structured physical activity can lead to substantial weight loss and improved blood sugar control, this study supports the integration of exercise into diabetes management plans, potentially reducing complications and improving quality of life for patients.

Keep in mind

Limited to women, which may affect generalizability. Small sample size may limit the robustness of findings. Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Sajjad R, Reza F, Farnaz S&A. Effects of Different Exercise Modalities on Serum Albumin Levels in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolism Open. 2026;30:100475. doi:10.1016/j.metop.2026.100475

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Main Effects

Body weight decreased by 4.28 kg (p=0.001)

Fasting plasma glucose decreased by 20.25 mg/dL (p=0.001)

HbA1c decreased by 2.35% (p=0.001)

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to Endurance exercise, Resistance training, Taichi plus resistance band training and Body weight, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), BMI, and 2 more.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

Endurance exercise

Outcome

Body weight

Evidence topic

Weight Loss

Primary intervention

Endurance exercise

Primary outcomes

Body weight
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
BMI

Evidence topics

Weight Loss Glycemic Control HbA1c Reduction

Primary intervention

Endurance exercise

Primary outcomes

Body weight Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)BMI

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

Evidence pairs

Relationships

Evidence topics

contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 72

Why it is useful

Contributes to 10 evidence relationships
Includes primary outcome data
Linked to 3 direct semantic evidence topics

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

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Primary evidence

Evidence relationship

Mind-Body and Balance Exercise and HbA1c

Related evidence

Evidence relationship

Mind-Body and Balance Exercise and Fasting Glucose

Save evidence

Evidence relationship

Mind-Body and Balance Exercise and Body Weight

Save evidence

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

Body weight

Endurance exercise → Body weight

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Endurance exercise → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

BMI

Resistance training → BMI

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Moderate; Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 100; consistent

Based on 2 studies

Add to Evidence Tracker

Body weight

Resistance training → Body weight

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Moderate; Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 100; consistent

Based on 2 studies

Add to Evidence Tracker

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Resistance training → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: 78; Strong
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 100; consistent

Based on 3 studies

Add to Evidence Tracker

HbA1c

Resistance training → HbA1c

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: 82; Strong
ImpactScore™: 90; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 75; consistent

Based on 5 studies

Add to Evidence Tracker

Lean body mass

Resistance training → Lean body mass

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: 75; Moderate
ImpactScore™: 87; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 75; consistent

Based on 4 studies

Add to Evidence Tracker

Body weight

Taichi plus resistance band training → Body weight

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Emerging; Score 59 · Based on 1 study
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: unclear; Not enough independent studies

Based on 1 study

Add to Evidence Tracker

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Taichi plus resistance band training → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Moderate; Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 100; consistent

Based on 2 studies

Add to Evidence Tracker

HbA1c

Taichi plus resistance band training → HbA1c

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: 78; Strong
ImpactScore™: 83; Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 100; consistent

Based on 3 studies

Add to Evidence Tracker

Evidence Library

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Evidence Suggest

Body weight decreased by up to 6.99 kg with exercise.
Fasting plasma glucose levels decreased by up to 24.16 mg/dL.
HbA1c levels improved by 2.35%.

Who this applies to

Women aged 30-60 with type 2 diabetes.
Individuals seeking to manage diabetes through lifestyle changes.

Keep in Mind

Results may not apply to men or other age groups.
Findings are based on a specific population and may not generalize.
Further research is needed to explore long-term effects of exercise.

Between the Lines

Limited to women, which may affect generalizability.
Small sample size may limit the robustness of findings.
Short duration of the study may not capture long-term effects.

Evidence Library

Build your evidence library

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

This study contributes to evidence on Resistance training and HbA1c, Resistance training and Fasting Glucose.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Explorer

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Physical Activity

Detailed evidence

Resistance training → HbA1c

Physical Activity

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: 82; Strong
ImpactScore™: 90; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 75; consistent

Based on 5 studies

View evidence

Physical Activity

Detailed evidence

Resistance training → Fasting Glucose

Physical Activity

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: 78; Strong
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 100; consistent

Based on 3 studies

View evidence

Physical Activity

Detailed evidence

Resistance training → Body Weight

Physical Activity

Evidence Intelligence™

EvidenceScore™: Moderate; Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
ImpactScore™: 100; Very Positive
ConsistencyScore™: 100; consistent

Based on 2 studies

View evidence

Included in these evidence collections

Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.

HbA1c Evidence Hub

All studies measuring HbA1c

5 studies

outcome_hub

Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.

Resistance training Evidence Hub

All studies on Resistance training

5 studies

intervention_hub

Contributes to Resistance training evidence base.

Fasting Glucose Evidence Hub

All studies measuring Fasting Glucose

3 studies

outcome_hub

Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.

Body Weight Evidence Hub

All studies measuring Body Weight

2 studies

outcome_hub

Measures Body Weight as a key outcome.

Recent Diabetes Research

Latest published studies

recency_collection

Published within the last 2 years.

Explore more in Evidence Explorer

Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.

All studies on Resistance training and HbA1c

Intervention: Resistance trainingOutcome: HbA1c

5 results

All studies on Resistance training and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Intervention: Resistance trainingOutcome: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

3 results

All studies on Resistance training

Intervention: Resistance training

5 results

All studies measuring HbA1c

Outcome: HbA1c

5 results

All studies measuring Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Outcome: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

3 results

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does Mind-Body and Balance Exercise improve HbA1c?

Strong Evidence

Mind-Body and Balance Exercise may improve HbA1c.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 78.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 3 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.

Limitations

Population details are unavailable.

View Full Evidence

Does Mind-Body and Balance Exercise improve fasting glucose?

Moderate Evidence

Mind-Body and Balance Exercise appears to improve Fasting Glucose.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a small number of supporting studies and should be interpreted cautiously.

Limitations

Only a small number of supporting studies are available.
Population details are unavailable.

View Full Evidence

Does Mind-Body and Balance Exercise affect body weight?

Emerging Evidence

Mind-Body and Balance Exercise appears to improve Body Weight.

ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

1
Body weight
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.
Consistency cannot yet be determined.
Population details are unavailable.

View Full Evidence

Does Resistance training improve HbA1c?

Strong Evidence

Resistance training appears to improve HbA1c.

ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.

Ranked evidence signals

1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 82.3 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

Only one supporting study is available.
Population details are unavailable.

View Full Evidence

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Next steps

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Evidence topics

Follow the topics this study contributes to.

Weight Loss Evidence Hub Glycemic Control Evidence Hub HbA1c Reduction Evidence Hub

Explore in Evidence Explorer

Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.

All studies on Resistance training and HbA1c All studies on Resistance training and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)All studies on Taichi plus resistance band training and HbA1c All studies on Resistance training and Lean body mass

Related research

Read related research summaries.

Taichi training improves lung function and blood sugar control in diabetes HIIT and Aerobic-Resistance Training Improve Diabetes Outcomes Bariatric surgery improves glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes.Insulin glargine plus metformin and glimepiride improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.Dietary supplements may lower diabetes risk in prediabetes

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