Last updated September 9, 2026
Key finding
The experimental group showed significantly improved fasting blood glucose (P < 0.001).
This study evaluated the integration of King's Theory of Goal Attainment with FMEA-PDCA in health education for gestational diabetes, finding significant improvements in fasting plasma glucose and anxiety levels.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the integration of King's Theory of Goal Attainment with FMEA-PDCA in health education for gestational diabetes, finding significant improvements in fasting plasma glucose and anxiety levels.
These findings highlight the importance of innovative health education strategies in managing gestational diabetes. Improved fasting plasma glucose and reduced anxiety can lead to better health outcomes for both mothers and their babies, potentially reducing the risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery.
The study's sample size may limit generalizability. No significant differences were found in HbA1c levels. Potential unmeasured confounders could affect results.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Canying L, Qingzhen G, Bilan S, et al. Integration of King's Theory of Goal Attainment with FMEA-PDCA for Health Education in Gestational Diabetes. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2025;25:1070. doi:10.1186/s12884-025-07932-2
The experimental group showed a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose by 1.5 mmol/L (P < 0.001).
Anxiety levels were significantly reduced by 3.2 points in the experimental group (P < 0.001).
Quality of life improved by 5 points in the experimental group (P < 0.001).
The cesarean section rate was significantly lower in the experimental group (P = 0.037).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Conventional health education group, Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells and Glycemic control comparison to commercial AID systems, HbA1c, Anxiety, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Conventional health education group
Primary outcomes
Primary intervention
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
4
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
1467
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Save studies and evidence pages, organize your personal Evidence Tracker, and keep the research you care about in one place.
Primary evidence
Evidence topic
matched_outcome
Related evidence
Evidence topic
Save evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Conventional health education group → Glycemic control comparison to commercial AID systems
Conventional health education group → Glycemic control comparison to commercial AID systems
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells → Anxiety
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells → Anxiety
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells → Emergency cesarean section rate
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells → Emergency cesarean section rate
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells → Quality of life
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells → Quality of life
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Evidence Library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Conventional health education group and Glycemic control comparison to commercial AID systems, Conventional health education group and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Conventional health education group
Contributes to Conventional health education group evidence base.
All studies on Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells
Contributes to Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells evidence base.
All studies measuring Glycemic control comparison to commercial AID systems
Measures Glycemic control comparison to commercial AID systems as a key outcome.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Quality of Life Outcomes
Measures Quality of Life Outcomes as a key outcome.
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells appears to improve anxiety.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Anxiety
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells appears to improve emergency cesarean section rate.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Emergency cesarean section rate
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells appears to improve fasting plasma glucose (FPG).
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Cotransplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells appears to improve quality of life.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Quality of life
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Next steps
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, Evidence Explorer views, and research summaries.
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Open broader Evidence Explorer views for this relationship.
Read related research summaries.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Your data is always protected.
New studies added every day.
