Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
SGLT2 inhibitors improve kidney and cardiovascular outcomes across albuminuria levels
Last updated July 6, 2026
Key finding
SGLT2i reduced albuminuria levels by 13%, on average: gMratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.88, p < 0.001.
This study evaluated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes across different levels of albuminuria. It found significant reductions in albuminuria and various adverse outcomes compared to placebo.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Long-Term (1–5 y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes across different levels of albuminuria. It found significant reductions in albuminuria and various adverse outcomes compared to placebo.
Clinical relevance
These findings highlight the potential of SGLT2 inhibitors in improving kidney and cardiovascular health, especially for patients with varying levels of albuminuria. By reducing key health risks, these medications may enhance the quality of life and longevity for individuals at risk of kidney disease and heart failure.
Keep in mind
The study's design may limit generalizability to broader populations. Effectiveness in specific subgroups was not clearly defined. Long-term effects beyond the study duration were not assessed.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
João PF, Pedro M, Stefan DA, et al. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and cardiovascular and kidney outcomes across albuminuria levels. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2025;28(2):1105-1115. doi:10.1111/dom.70289
Main Effects
SGLT2 inhibitors reduced albuminuria levels by 13% (gMratio 0.87, p < 0.001).
SGLT2 inhibitors reduced the risk of kidney events across the full UACR spectrum.
SGLT2 inhibitors decreased the risk of heart failure hospitalizations across the full UACR spectrum.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to SGLT2 inhibitors and Albuminuria, All-cause mortality, Atherothrombotic events, and 3 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
SGLT2 inhibitors
Primary outcomes
- Albuminuria
- All-cause mortality
- Atherothrombotic events
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
6
Evidence pairs
6
Relationships
5
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 72
5
Related topics
6
Evidence pairs
613
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 6 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 5 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Function
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Outcomes
Save evidence
Evidence relationship
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Urinary Tract Infections
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerAtherothrombotic events
SGLT2 inhibitors → Atherothrombotic events
SGLT2 inhibitors → Atherothrombotic events
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerCardiovascular mortality
SGLT2 inhibitors → Cardiovascular mortality
SGLT2 inhibitors → Cardiovascular mortality
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerHeart failure hospitalizations
SGLT2 inhibitors → Heart failure hospitalizations
SGLT2 inhibitors → Heart failure hospitalizations
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerRenal and urinary disorders incidence
SGLT2 inhibitors → Renal and urinary disorders incidence
SGLT2 inhibitors → Renal and urinary disorders incidence
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- SGLT2 inhibitors reduced albuminuria by 13% on average.
- They lowered the risk of kidney events and heart failure hospitalizations.
- Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks were also reduced.
Who this applies to
- Adults with diabetes and varying levels of albuminuria.
- Patients at risk for cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to populations outside the study demographics.
- Further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits.
- The study did not explore the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in non-diabetic patients.
Between the Lines
- The study's design may limit generalizability to broader populations.
- Effectiveness in specific subgroups was not clearly defined.
- Long-term effects beyond the study duration were not assessed.
Evidence Library
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Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Outcomes, SGLT2 Inhibitors and Heart failure hospitalizations.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
SGLT2 Inhibitors → Cardiovascular Outcomes
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceMedications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Moderate
- Score 69 · Based on 2 studies
- ImpactScore™
- 75
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 35
- mixed
Supporting studies: Based on 2 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Cardiovascular Outcomes Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Cardiovascular Outcomes
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Cardiovascular Outcomes as a key outcome.
Heart failure hospitalizations Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Heart failure hospitalizations
2 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Heart failure hospitalizations as a key outcome.
SGLT2 Inhibitors Evidence Hub
All studies on SGLT2 Inhibitors
2 studies
intervention_hubContributes to SGLT2 Inhibitors evidence base.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on SGLT2 inhibitors and All-cause mortality
Intervention: SGLT2 inhibitorsOutcome: All-cause mortality
2 results
All studies on SGLT2 inhibitors and Heart failure hospitalizations
Intervention: SGLT2 inhibitorsOutcome: Heart failure hospitalizations
2 results
All studies on SGLT2 inhibitors
Intervention: SGLT2 inhibitors
2 results
All studies measuring All-cause mortality
Outcome: All-cause mortality
2 results
All studies measuring Heart failure hospitalizations
Outcome: Heart failure hospitalizations
2 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does SGLT2 Inhibitors improve kidney function?
Strong Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors may improve Kidney Function.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Albuminuria
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 10 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does SGLT2 Inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes?
Strong Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors may improve Cardiovascular Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
All-cause mortality
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
- 2
Cardiovascular mortality
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does SGLT2 Inhibitors improve urinary tract infections?
Emerging Evidence
Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of SGLT2 Inhibitors for Urinary Tract Infections.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Renal and urinary disorders incidence
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | neutral | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does SGLT2 inhibitors improve heart failure hospitalizations?
Moderate Evidence
SGLT2 inhibitors may improve Heart failure hospitalizations.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Heart failure hospitalizations
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Mixed | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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