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Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™

SGLT2 inhibitors improve kidney and cardiovascular outcomes across albuminuria levels

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

Key finding

SGLT2i reduced albuminuria levels by 13%, on average: gMratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.88, p < 0.001.

This study evaluated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes across different levels of albuminuria. It found significant reductions in albuminuria and various adverse outcomes compared to placebo.

Evidence strength

Moderate confidence

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Long-Term (1–5 y)

Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 6, 2026

Quick read

Study at a glance

The essential study design details in one scan.

Population

Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes

Intervention

SGLT2 inhibitors

Study type

RCTs

Follow-up

Long-Term (1–5 y)

Primary outcome

Albuminuria

Comparator

Placebo

Plain-language summary

What this paper says

A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.

Study focus

This study evaluated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes across different levels of albuminuria. It found significant reductions in albuminuria and various adverse outcomes compared to placebo.

Clinical relevance

These findings highlight the potential of SGLT2 inhibitors in improving kidney and cardiovascular health, especially for patients with varying levels of albuminuria. By reducing key health risks, these medications may enhance the quality of life and longevity for individuals at risk of kidney disease and heart failure.

Keep in mind

The study's design may limit generalizability to broader populations. Effectiveness in specific subgroups was not clearly defined. Long-term effects beyond the study duration were not assessed.

Published in

Journal Reference

Publication details and source links for this paper.

Jo&#227;o PF, Pedro M, Stefan DA, et al. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and cardiovascular and kidney outcomes across albuminuria levels. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2025;28(2):1105-1115. doi:10.1111/dom.70289

View DOIView on PubMedView on PMC

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Main Effects

SGLT2 inhibitors reduced albuminuria levels by 13% (gMratio 0.87, p < 0.001).

SGLT2 inhibitors reduced the risk of kidney events across the full UACR spectrum.

SGLT2 inhibitors decreased the risk of heart failure hospitalizations across the full UACR spectrum.

Evidence network

How this study fits

Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.

Evidence Context

This study contributes evidence to SGLT2 inhibitors and Albuminuria, All-cause mortality, Atherothrombotic events, and 3 more.

This study contributes evidence to

Intervention

SGLT2 inhibitors

Outcome

Albuminuria

Evidence topic

Adverse Events and Safety

Primary intervention

SGLT2 inhibitors

Primary outcomes

  • Albuminuria
  • All-cause mortality
  • Atherothrombotic events

Evidence topics

Adverse Events and SafetyCardiometabolic RiskDiabetic Kidney DiseaseCardiovascular Risk

Primary intervention

SGLT2 inhibitors

Primary outcomes

AlbuminuriaAll-cause mortalityAtherothrombotic events

Evidence relationships

Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.

6
Evidence pairs
6
Relationships
5
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence

Editorial context

Why this study matters

See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.

Evidence network role

This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.

Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 72

5

Related topics

6

Evidence pairs

320

Related studies

High relevance in at least one topic

Why it is useful

  • Contributes to 6 evidence relationships
  • Includes primary outcome data
  • Linked to 5 direct semantic evidence topics

Topic contributions

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Evidence topic

Contributes evidence

Core evidence

Study findings

The primary outcomes reported in this study.

StrongDecrease

Albuminuria

SGLT2 inhibitors → Albuminuria

SGLT2 inhibitors → Albuminuria

Evidence profile

StrongDecreaseClinical Outcomes
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NoneNo Change

All-cause mortality

SGLT2 inhibitors → All-cause mortality

SGLT2 inhibitors → All-cause mortality

Evidence profile

NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
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NoneNo Change

Atherothrombotic events

SGLT2 inhibitors → Atherothrombotic events

SGLT2 inhibitors → Atherothrombotic events

Evidence profile

NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
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NoneNo Change

Cardiovascular mortality

SGLT2 inhibitors → Cardiovascular mortality

SGLT2 inhibitors → Cardiovascular mortality

Evidence profile

NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
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NoneNo Change

Heart failure hospitalizations

SGLT2 inhibitors → Heart failure hospitalizations

SGLT2 inhibitors → Heart failure hospitalizations

Evidence profile

NoneNo ChangeClinical Outcomes
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NoneNo Change

Renal and urinary disorders incidence

SGLT2 inhibitors → Renal and urinary disorders incidence

SGLT2 inhibitors → Renal and urinary disorders incidence

Evidence profile

NoneNo ChangeSafety
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evidence suggest

Evidence Suggest

  • SGLT2 inhibitors reduced albuminuria by 13% on average.
  • They lowered the risk of kidney events and heart failure hospitalizations.
  • Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks were also reduced.
who this applies

Who this applies to

  • Adults with diabetes and varying levels of albuminuria.
  • Patients at risk for cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
keep in mind

Keep in Mind

  • Results may not apply to populations outside the study demographics.
  • Further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits.
  • The study did not explore the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in non-diabetic patients.
between the lines

Between the Lines

  • The study's design may limit generalizability to broader populations.
  • Effectiveness in specific subgroups was not clearly defined.
  • Long-term effects beyond the study duration were not assessed.

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Connected Evidence

Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.

Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.

Powered by the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework

This study contributes to evidence on SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Function, SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Related evidence relationships

Explore in Evidence Archive

This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.

Questions answered by this study

Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.

Does SGLT2 Inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes?

Emerging Evidence

SGLT2 Inhibitors appears to improve Cardiovascular Outcomes.

ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    All-cause mortality

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 51.0 | moderate positive | ConsensusScore™ Mixed | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 5 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.

Limitations

  • Consistency cannot yet be determined.
  • Population details are unavailable.
5 supporting studiesUpdated: Jul 2026
View Full Evidence

Does SGLT2 Inhibitors improve kidney function?

Emerging Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of SGLT2 Inhibitors for Kidney Function.

ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Albuminuria

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 55.7 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on 6 supporting studies and existing graph evidence signals.

Limitations

  • Consistency cannot yet be determined.
  • Population details are unavailable.
6 supporting studiesUpdated: Jul 2026
View Full Evidence

Does SGLT2 inhibitors improve heart failure hospitalizations?

Emerging Evidence

SGLT2 inhibitors may improve Heart failure hospitalizations.

ConsensusScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.

Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Heart failure hospitalizations

    EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 51.0 | moderate positive | ConsensusScore™ Mixed | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
  • Population details are unavailable.
1 supporting studyUpdated: Jul 2026
View Full Evidence

Does SGLT2 inhibitors improve atherothrombotic events?

Limited Evidence

Current evidence does not show a clear benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors for Atherothrombotic events.

ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.

Ranked evidence signals

  1. 1

    Atherothrombotic events

    EvidenceScore™ Limited | EvidenceScore™ 38.1 | neutral | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study

Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.

Limitations

  • Only one supporting study is available.
  • Consistency cannot yet be determined.
  • Population details are unavailable.
1 supporting studyUpdated: Jul 2026
View Full Evidence
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Next steps

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Evidence topics

Follow the topics this study contributes to.

Adverse Events and Safety Evidence HubCardiometabolic Risk Evidence HubDiabetic Kidney Disease Evidence HubCardiovascular Risk Evidence Hub

Explore in archive

Open broader archive views for this relationship.

All studies on SGLT2 inhibitors and AlbuminuriaAll studies on SGLT2 inhibitors and All-cause mortalityAll studies on SGLT2 inhibitors and Heart failure hospitalizationsAll studies on SGLT2 inhibitors and Atherothrombotic events

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