Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Canagliflozin reduces cardiovascular and kidney risks in type 2 diabetes
Last updated July 6, 2026
Key finding
Canagliflozin reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.76–0.94])
This study evaluated the effects of canagliflozin on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the effects of canagliflozin on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes, finding a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events.
Clinical relevance
These findings are significant as they suggest that canagliflozin may be an effective option for reducing cardiovascular risks in patients with type 2 diabetes, a population that is already at high risk for heart disease. Understanding the benefits of this medication can help healthcare providers make informed treatment decisions to improve patient outcomes.
Keep in mind
Effectiveness of canagliflozin for other outcomes remains unclear. Study results may not be generalizable to all populations with type 2 diabetes. Limited information on long-term effects of canagliflozin.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Abhinav S, Amir R, Abdulaziz J, et al. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease. 2024;13(3):e031586. doi:10.1161/JAHA.123.031586
Main Effects
Canagliflozin reduced the risk of composite cardiovascular events (HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.76–0.94]).
No treatment effect heterogeneity was observed for hospitalization for heart failure.
No treatment effect heterogeneity was observed for cardiovascular death.
No treatment effect heterogeneity was observed for end-stage kidney disease.
No treatment effect heterogeneity was observed for all-cause mortality.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Canagliflozin and All-cause mortality, Cardiovascular death, Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization), and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Canagliflozin
Primary outcomes
- All-cause mortality
- Cardiovascular death
- Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
5
Evidence pairs
5
Relationships
2
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 64
2
Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
77
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 5 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 2 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Function
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Outcomes
Save evidence
Evidence topic
Cardiovascular Risk
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerComposite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Canagliflozin → Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Canagliflozin → Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerHospitalization for heart failure
Canagliflozin → Hospitalization for heart failure
Canagliflozin → Hospitalization for heart failure
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerNephropathy progression
Canagliflozin → Nephropathy progression
Canagliflozin → Nephropathy progression
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
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Evidence Suggest
- Canagliflozin reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 16%.
- No significant treatment effects were observed for heart failure or mortality.
- Study included diverse participants with type 2 diabetes.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- Individuals at high risk for cardiovascular events.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to younger populations or those without diabetes.
- Further research is needed to explore long-term effects.
- The study did not assess the impact of canagliflozin on quality of life.
Between the Lines
- Effectiveness of canagliflozin for other outcomes remains unclear.
- Study results may not be generalizable to all populations with type 2 diabetes.
- Limited information on long-term effects of canagliflozin.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Outcomes, SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Outcomes.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
SGLT2 Inhibitors → Cardiovascular Outcomes
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceMedications
SGLT2 Inhibitors → Cardiovascular Outcomes
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Cardiovascular Outcomes Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Cardiovascular Outcomes
1 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Cardiovascular Outcomes as a key outcome.
SGLT2 Inhibitors Evidence Hub
All studies on SGLT2 Inhibitors
1 studies
intervention_hubContributes to SGLT2 Inhibitors evidence base.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Canagliflozin and All-cause mortality
Intervention: CanagliflozinOutcome: All-cause mortality
1 results
All studies on Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular death
Intervention: CanagliflozinOutcome: Cardiovascular death
1 results
All studies on Canagliflozin
Intervention: Canagliflozin
1 results
All studies measuring All-cause mortality
Outcome: All-cause mortality
1 results
All studies measuring Cardiovascular death
Outcome: Cardiovascular death
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does SGLT2 Inhibitors improve kidney function?
Strong Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors may improve Kidney Function.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Nephropathy progression
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 10 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does SGLT2 Inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes?
Strong Evidence
SGLT2 Inhibitors may improve Cardiovascular Outcomes.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Evidence caveat: The available evidence reports mixed findings.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
All-cause mortality
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
- 2
Cardiovascular death
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
- 3
Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, MI, stroke, HF hospitalization)
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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Evidence topics
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Related research
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