Key finding
Mean HbA1c score post-intervention decreased from 9.3 ± 1.6 to 6.1 ± 0.4.
This study examined the effects of smartphone applications on oral hygiene and glycemic control in diabetic patients, finding significant improvements in HbA1c levels and oral health behaviors.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Extended (5–20+ y)
Primary outcome
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C)
Comparator
Usual care
Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study examined the effects of smartphone applications on oral hygiene and glycemic control in diabetic patients, finding significant improvements in HbA1c levels and oral health behaviors.
Improving glycemic control and oral hygiene in diabetic patients is crucial for preventing complications associated with diabetes. The findings suggest that integrating technology, such as smartphone applications, into patient care can enhance health outcomes and empower patients to manage their conditions more effectively.
The study design was non-randomized, which may introduce bias. Sample size and demographic details were not specified, limiting generalizability. Some outcomes showed no significant change, indicating mixed effectiveness.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Nabila ES, Gehan AEAE, Enas EE, et al. The impact of health nursing guidance based on smartphone applications on oral hygiene and glycemic control among diabetic patients. Digital Health. 2026;12:20552076261444901. doi:10.1177/20552076261444901
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Mean HbA1c decreased from 9.3 ± 1.6 to 6.1 ± 0.4 (p=0.0001).
Mean total oral hygienic behaviors increased from 8.7 ± 0.8 to 11.8 ± 2.1 (p=0.0001).
Mean Dental Neglect score decreased from 18.8 ± 3.5 to 15.9 ± 4.1 (p=0.003).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control and Dental Neglect Scale Score, HbA1c, Quality of life, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control
Primary outcomes
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
1
Related topics
5
Evidence pairs
161
Related studies
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control → Dental Neglect Scale Score
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control → Dental Neglect Scale Score
Evidence profile
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control → HbA1c
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control → HbA1c
Evidence profile
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control → Quality of life
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control → Quality of life
Evidence profile
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control → Total Oral Health Value Scale
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control → Total Oral Health Value Scale
Evidence profile
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control → Total oral hygienic behaviors
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control → Total oral hygienic behaviors
Evidence profile
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control and Dental Neglect Scale Score, Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Devices & Technology
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies measuring Dental Neglect Scale Score
Measures Dental Neglect Scale Score as a key outcome.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
All studies measuring Quality of Life Outcomes
Measures Quality of Life Outcomes as a key outcome.
All studies on Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control
Contributes to Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control evidence base.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
1 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control appears to improve Dental Neglect Scale Score.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Dental Neglect Scale Score
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.9 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.9 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control appears to improve Quality of life.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Quality of life
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.9 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
Smartphone applications for oral hygiene and glycemic control appears to improve Total oral hygienic behaviors.
ConsensusScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
Total oral hygienic behaviors
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 52.9 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
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