StrongDecrease
HbA1c
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → HbA1c
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → HbA1c
Evidence profile
StrongDecreaseGlycemic Control
Unlock full evidence details
Research Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Text Messaging Improves Diabetes Management
Key finding
Mean change in HbA1c values from the initial appointment to follow-up was -0.77 (S.D. = 2.31, P < 0.02).
A pharmacist-driven text messaging intervention was studied to improve diabetes self-management in uninsured patients, resulting in a significant reduction in HbA1c levels.
Evidence strength
Moderate confidence
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Some Concerns bias
Last updated July 8, 2026Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
Population
Young Adult (19–39), Middle Aged (40-64), Male, Female, Asia-Pacific (APAC), with T2 Diabetes
Intervention
Pharmacist-driven text messaging intervention
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Primary outcome
HbA1c
Evidence
Moderate confidence
Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study's main message and where it applies.
Study focus
A pharmacist-driven text messaging intervention was studied to improve diabetes self-management in uninsured patients, resulting in a significant reduction in HbA1c levels.
Clinical relevance
Improving diabetes management is crucial, especially for uninsured patients who may lack access to regular healthcare. This intervention demonstrates that simple, technology-based strategies can lead to significant health improvements, potentially reducing complications associated with diabetes.
Keep in mind
Non-randomized design may introduce bias. Limited generalizability due to the specific population studied. Small sample size may affect the reliability of findings.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Annette C, Emily O, Alejandro C, Kevin OR, Kristine Z. Pharmacist-driven text messaging intervention improves diabetes self-management in uninsured patients. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA. 2025;65(4):102403-102403. doi:10.1016/j.japh.2025.102403
Save this study and add notes to your research library.
Main Effects
Mean change in HbA1c was -0.77% (p < 0.02).
58.3% of participants had clinically significant reductions in HbA1c.
26.7% reduced their HbA1c to under 7%, indicating controlled diabetes.
13.3% had HbA1c decreases of less than 0.5%.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion and HbA1c, Proportion achieving HbA1c <7.0%.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion
Primary outcomes
- HbA1c
- Proportion achieving HbA1c <7.0%
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
2
Evidence pairs
2
Relationships
3
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 61
3
Related topics
2
Evidence pairs
271
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 2 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 2 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
StrongIncrease
Proportion achieving HbA1c <7.0%
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Proportion achieving HbA1c <7.0%
SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion → Proportion achieving HbA1c <7.0%
Evidence profile
StrongIncreaseGlycemic Control
Unlock full evidence details
Unlock full evidence analysis
Create a free account to access effectiveness ratings, evidence strength and depth scores, consistency analysis, and direct links to all supporting studies.
Evidence Suggest
- Mean HbA1c reduction of -0.77% was statistically significant.
- 58.3% achieved clinically significant HbA1c reductions.
- 26.7% reached HbA1c levels under 7%.
Who this applies to
- Uninsured patients with diabetes.
- Adults managing diabetes without regular healthcare access.
Keep in Mind
- Results may not apply to insured populations.
- Further research is needed to confirm findings in larger, diverse groups.
- The intervention's effectiveness may vary based on individual patient engagement.
Between the Lines
- Non-randomized design may introduce bias.
- Limited generalizability due to the specific population studied.
- Small sample size may affect the reliability of findings.
Unlock Full Analysis
Create a free account to unlock the bias score, detailed effectiveness analysis, and clinical outcomes for this study.
Already have an account?
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and HbA1c, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and HbA1c.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ArchiveThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) ProgramsHbA1c
Behavioral & Lifestyle
6 studies
Detailed evidenceDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) ProgramsHbA1c
Behavioral & Lifestyle
1 studies
Detailed evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs Evidence Hub
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
6 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
6 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in the evidence archive
Jump to pre-filtered views in the evidence archive.
All studies on SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion and HbA1c
Intervention: SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotionOutcome: HbA1c
6 results
All studies on SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion and Proportion achieving HbA1c <7.0%
Intervention: SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotionOutcome: Proportion achieving HbA1c <7.0%
1 results
All studies on SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion
Intervention: SMS text messaging behavioral intervention for health promotion
6 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
6 results
All studies measuring Proportion achieving HbA1c <7.0%
Outcome: Proportion achieving HbA1c <7.0%
1 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs improve HbA1c?
Emerging Evidence
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve HbA1c.
ConsensusScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 54.5 | weak positive | ConsensusScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
- 2
Proportion achieving HbA1c <7.0%
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 51.7 | strong positive | ConsensusScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 24 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
Continue your research
Choose a next path through related evidence topics, archive views, and research summaries.
Evidence topics
Follow the topics this study contributes to.
Explore in archive
Open broader archive views for this relationship.
Related research
Read related research summaries.
Text Messaging Improves Patient-Reported Outcomes in Diabetes CareAI-enabled mHealth shows similar effectiveness to traditional methods for diabetes preventionTelehealth SMS improves statin adherenceSMS Messaging Improves Medication Adherence in Type 2 DiabetesHRS-7535 improves glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes
No ads. No tracking.
Focused on evidence, not advertising.
Secure & private
Your data is always protected.
Always up to date
New studies added every day.