Last updated July 8, 2026
Key finding
Post-intervention, the intervention group exhibited significantly greater reductions in FPG than the control group (P < 0.05).
The study evaluated a three-tiered linkage management model for T2DM, finding significant improvements in glycemic control and self-management.
Quick read
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Medium-Term (3–12 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
The study evaluated a three-tiered linkage management model for T2DM, finding significant improvements in glycemic control and self-management.
Improving glycemic control in T2DM patients is crucial for reducing the risk of diabetes-related complications. The findings suggest that implementing a structured management model can enhance patient self-management and health outcomes, which is vital for clinicians aiming to provide effective care and support for diabetes management.
The study's effectiveness remains unclear due to limited evidence clarity. Results may not be generalizable beyond the study population. Potential confounding factors were not fully addressed.
Published in
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Silin W, Tinglian L, Lan C, Min W, Jieyin D, Yang Q. The Three-Tiered Linkage Management Model Under GPRT Significantly Improves Glycemic Control and Self-Management in T2DM Patients. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2025;16:1618181. doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1618181
The intervention group showed a reduction in fasting blood glucose by 1.5 mmol/L (p = 0.001).
The intervention group demonstrated a decrease in 2-hour postprandial blood glucose by 2 mmol/L (p = 0.002).
The intervention group had a reduction in glycated hemoglobin by 1.2% (p = 0.003).
The intervention group improved their Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities scores by 3.5 points (p = 0.004).
Evidence network
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
This study contributes evidence to Structured multidisciplinary case management and Diabetes self-management behaviors, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), HbA1c, and 1 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Structured multidisciplinary case management
Primary outcomes
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
Editorial context
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Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
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Evidence relationship
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Core evidence
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Structured multidisciplinary case management → Diabetes self-management behaviors
Structured multidisciplinary case management → Diabetes self-management behaviors
Structured multidisciplinary case management → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Structured multidisciplinary case management → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Structured multidisciplinary case management → HbA1c
Structured multidisciplinary case management → HbA1c
Structured multidisciplinary case management → Postprandial blood glucose
Structured multidisciplinary case management → Postprandial blood glucose
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Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and Fasting Glucose, Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs and HbA1c.
This study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Behavioral & Lifestyle
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
All studies on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs
Contributes to Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs evidence base.
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
Measures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
All studies measuring HbA1c
Measures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Latest published studies
Published within the last 2 years.
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3 results
3 results
3 results
3 results
3 results
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may improve fasting glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are mixed and should be interpreted cautiously.
Ranked evidence signals
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is cautious because the available studies report mixed findings.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs may lower HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 79.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 43 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs appear to improve diabetes management self-efficacy.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Diabetes self-management behaviors
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 19 supporting studies with consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Programs appear to improve postprandial and ogtt glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
Postprandial blood glucose
EvidenceScore™ Moderate | EvidenceScore™ 69.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 7 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
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