Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerResearch Summary
Analyzed using Evidence Intelligence™
Tofogliflozin may improve insulin secretory capacity in some type 2 diabetes patients
Last updated July 18, 2026
Key finding
HbA1c decreased significantly from baseline.
This study evaluated the short-term effects of tofogliflozin on insulin secretory capacity in type 2 diabetes. It found significant improvements in several metabolic markers.
Quick read
Study at a glance
The essential study design details in one scan.
EvidenceScore™
Moderate
Study type
RCTs
Follow-up
Short-Term (≤3 mo)
Risk of bias
Some Concerns
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Plain-language summary
What this paper says
A plain-language read of the study’s main message and where it applies.
Study focus
This study evaluated the short-term effects of tofogliflozin on insulin secretory capacity in type 2 diabetes. It found significant improvements in several metabolic markers.
Clinical relevance
These findings are important as they suggest that tofogliflozin may offer additional benefits beyond standard diabetes management, particularly in improving liver health. This could have implications for treatment strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially those at risk for fatty liver disease.
Keep in mind
The study's short duration may limit long-term applicability of findings. Sample size and demographic diversity were not detailed, affecting generalizability. The disposition index did not show significant changes, indicating potential limitations in assessing insulin secretory capacity.
Published in
Journal Reference
Publication details and source links for this paper.
Maiko M, Aika M, Akinobu N, et al. Short-term effects of tofogliflozin on insulin secretory capacity in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Diabetes Investigation. 2026;17(4):627-635. doi:10.1111/jdi.70245
Main Effects
HbA1c decreased by 0.2% (p=0.0001) from baseline.
Glycated albumin decreased by 0.8% (p=0.006) from baseline.
Fasting plasma glucose decreased by 13.5 mg/dL (p=0.0001) from baseline.
The fatty liver index improved significantly more in the tofogliflozin group.
Evidence network
How this study fits
Understand where this research contributes within the broader evidence network.
Evidence Context
This study contributes evidence to Metformin, Tofogliflozin and Disposition Index, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Fatty liver index, and 2 more.
This study contributes evidence to
Primary intervention
Metformin
Primary outcomes
- Disposition Index
- Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
- Fatty liver index
Evidence topics
Primary intervention
Primary outcomes
Evidence relationships
Intervention and outcome relationships this study adds to the evidence network.
10
Evidence pairs
10
Relationships
3
Evidence topics
contributes_evidence
Editorial context
Why this study matters
See why this paper is useful beyond its individual results.
Evidence network role
This section describes how the study fits into the current evidence network. It does not determine whether an intervention works on its own.
Moderate contributionModerate confidenceNetwork score: 72
3
Related topics
10
Evidence pairs
561
Related studies
High relevance in at least one topic
Why it is useful
- Contributes to 10 evidence relationships
- Includes primary outcome data
- Linked to 3 direct semantic evidence topics
Topic contributions
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
Evidence topic
Contributes evidence
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Primary evidence
Evidence relationship
Metformin Therapies and HbA1c
Related evidence
Evidence relationship
Metformin Therapies and Fasting Glucose
Save evidence
Evidence topic
Glycemic Control
Save evidence
Core evidence
Study findings
The primary outcomes reported in this study.
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Metformin → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Metformin → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 90
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 80
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 86
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 80
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 70
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 12 studies
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 50
- Neutral
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerFasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Tofogliflozin → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Tofogliflozin → Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- Emerging
- Score 59 · Based on 1 study
- ImpactScore™
- 100
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- unclear
- Not enough independent studies
Supporting studies: Based on 1 study
Add to Evidence TrackerEvidence Library
Build your evidence library
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Evidence Suggest
- HbA1c decreased significantly by 0.2%, indicating improved blood sugar control.
- Fasting plasma glucose levels dropped by 13.5 mg/dL, showing enhanced metabolic response.
- Fatty liver index improved more in the tofogliflozin group, suggesting better liver health.
Who this applies to
- Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- Patients at risk for fatty liver disease.
Keep in Mind
- Results are based on a short-term study; long-term effects remain uncertain.
- Findings may not be applicable to all populations due to potential demographic limitations.
- The study did not measure all possible confounding factors that could influence outcomes.
Between the Lines
- The study's short duration may limit long-term applicability of findings.
- Sample size and demographic diversity were not detailed, affecting generalizability.
- The disposition index did not show significant changes, indicating potential limitations in assessing insulin secretory capacity.
Evidence Library
Build your evidence library
Save research, organize studies, and quickly find important evidence again.
Connected Evidence
Explore related studies, evidence collections, and research questions.
Relationships organized using the Dediabetes Evidence Intelligence™ framework.
This study contributes to evidence on Metformin Therapies and HbA1c, Metformin Therapies and Fasting Glucose.
Related evidence relationships
Explore in Evidence ExplorerThis study contributes to the evidence on the following intervention-outcome relationships.
Medications
Metformin Therapies → HbA1c
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 86
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 80
- Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 70
- generally_consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 12 studies
View evidenceMedications
Metformin Therapies → Fasting Glucose
Medications
Evidence Intelligence™
- EvidenceScore™
- 83
- Strong
- ImpactScore™
- 90
- Very Positive
- ConsistencyScore™
- 80
- consistent
Supporting studies: Based on 5 studies
View evidenceIncluded in these evidence collections
Curated evidence collections and hubs this study is part of.
HbA1c Evidence Hub
All studies measuring HbA1c
12 studies
outcome_hubMeasures HbA1c as a key outcome.
Metformin Therapies Evidence Hub
All studies on Metformin Therapies
12 studies
intervention_hubContributes to Metformin Therapies evidence base.
Fasting Glucose Evidence Hub
All studies measuring Fasting Glucose
5 studies
outcome_hubMeasures Fasting Glucose as a key outcome.
Recent Diabetes Research
Latest published studies
recency_collection
Published within the last 2 years.
Explore more in Evidence Explorer
Jump to pre-filtered views in Evidence Explorer.
All studies on Metformin and HbA1c
Intervention: MetforminOutcome: HbA1c
12 results
All studies on Metformin and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Intervention: MetforminOutcome: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
5 results
All studies on Metformin
Intervention: Metformin
12 results
All studies measuring HbA1c
Outcome: HbA1c
12 results
All studies measuring Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Outcome: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
5 results
Questions answered by this study
Generated from the study's connected evidence using Evidence Intelligence™.
Does Metformin Therapies improve HbA1c?
Strong Evidence
Metformin Therapies appears to improve HbA1c.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
HbA1c
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 86.1 | moderate positive | ConsistencyScore™ Generally Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 14 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Metformin Therapies improve fasting glucose?
Strong Evidence
Metformin Therapies may improve Fasting Glucose.
ConsistencyScore™: Results are generally consistent across studies.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
EvidenceScore™ Strong | EvidenceScore™ 83.2 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Consistent | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on 7 supporting studies with generally consistent results and a positive effect signal.
Limitations
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Metformin improve fatty liver index?
Emerging Evidence
Metformin appears to improve Fatty liver index.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Fatty liver index
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Does Metformin improve glycated albumin?
Emerging Evidence
Metformin appears to improve Glycated albumin.
ConsistencyScore™: Consistency cannot yet be determined from the available evidence.
Ranked evidence signals
- 1
Glycated albumin
EvidenceScore™ Emerging | EvidenceScore™ 59.0 | strong positive | ConsistencyScore™ Unclear | 1 study
Why this answer: This answer is based on a single supporting study.
Limitations
- Only one supporting study is available.
- Consistency cannot yet be determined.
- Population details are unavailable.
Next steps
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