Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

2 studies contain conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Standard care

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants received a combined diet and exercise intervention aimed at improving glycemic control.

Combined Diet and Exercise Intervention

In a 3-month randomized controlled trial involving 300 adults with PDM, the combined diet and exercise intervention significantly improved fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels.

Participants received standard care without the intervention.

FBG levels in the C group increased relative to baseline over the 3-month period, with a change of 1.4 ± 1.8 mmol/L and p < 0.05.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: p value significance conflict.

Combined diet and exercise intervention improves diabetes markers in adults.

Standard care consisting of blinded, target-driven pharmaceutical therapy and lifestyle advice

Participants received supervised resistance and aerobic exercise and individually tailored dietary plans.

U-TURN lifestyle intervention group

people with non-insulin-dependent T2D (duration <10 years), were randomly assigned (2:1, stratified by sex, from April 2015 to August 2016) to a lifestyle intervention group (n = 64) or a standard care group (n = 34)

All participants received standard care with standardized, blinded, target-driven medical therapy during the initial 12 months.

Intensive lifestyle intervention may improve type 2 diabetes remission rates

Not reported in the authoritative source.

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

Standard Care

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: design, risk_of_bias.

Participants underwent a 24-month lifestyle intervention to improve glucose metabolism.

Intensive Lifestyle Intervention

A total of 413 participants were enrolled in TULIP, with 357 undergoing 9 months of intensive lifestyle intervention and 300 completing the full intervention after 24 months.

Participants in other clusters not receiving the intensive intervention.

We focused on cluster 3 and 5 participants, as they have the highest risk of progression to type 2 diabetes and compared them with participants in the other clusters.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: authoritative design unavailable.

Weight loss intervention linked to diabetes risk in high-risk groups

Usual care

Participants received a manualized group-based intervention focused on weight loss and disease prevention.

16-week lifestyle intervention

Participants with prediabetes were randomized to receive a 16-week lifestyle intervention (n = 35) or usual care (n = 34).

Participants received usual care from their health care providers.

Participants were randomized to receive a 16-week lifestyle intervention (n = 35) or usual care (n = 34).

Authoritative quality diagnostic: sample size arm total mismatch.

Lifestyle intervention for prediabetes × Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Available supporting studies

Combined diet and exercise intervention improves diabetes markers in adults.

Intensive lifestyle intervention may improve type 2 diabetes remission rates

Weight loss intervention linked to diabetes risk in high-risk groups

Worksite intervention improves metabolic health in prediabetes