Structured population data were available for 8 of 8 supporting studies. 7 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 7 studies described adult participants.

2 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, placebo.

1 supporting study has high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Pioglitazone 15 mg/day;Glimepiride 2 mg/day

Empagliflozin 10 mg/day;Glimepiride 2 mg/day

Empagliflozin 10 mg/day;Pioglitazone 15 mg/day

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants received empagliflozin as a third-line therapy in addition to ongoing metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors.

Empagliflozin 10 mg/day

Participants were randomised to receive empagliflozin 10 mg/day ( n = 61)

Participants received pioglitazone as a third-line therapy in addition to ongoing metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors.

Pioglitazone 15 mg/day

Participants were randomised to receive pioglitazone 15 mg/day ( n = 58)

Participants received glimepiride as a third-line therapy in addition to ongoing metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors.

Glimepiride 2 mg/day

Participants were randomised to receive glimepiride 2 mg/day ( n = 57)

Adding medications improves blood sugar control in diabetes patients.

Pioglitazone monotherapy

Empagliflozin monotherapy

Participants received a combination of PIO and EMPA daily for 24 weeks.

Combination therapy with pioglitazone and empagliflozin

Participants were randomly assigned on a 1:1:1 ratio to receive once-daily PIO 15 mg plus EMPA 10 mg, PIO 15 mg alone, or EMPA 10 mg alone for 24 weeks.

Participants received PIO alone daily for 24 weeks.

Participants received EMPA alone daily for 24 weeks.

Combination therapy improves liver health in type 2 diabetes

Placebo

Patients receiving empagliflozin 10 mg as add-on treatment.

Empagliflozin 10 mg

Participants were randomised 1:1:1 to empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, or placebo.

Patients receiving empagliflozin 25 mg as add-on treatment.

Empagliflozin 25 mg

Patients receiving placebo as add-on treatment.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing unit.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: invalid or missing value.

Empagliflozin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients

Available source content was suppressed because validation identified a conflict.

Patients received empagliflozin 10 mg/day.

Patients with T2DM and elevated left ventricular E / E ' ratio were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to receive empagliflozin 10 mg/day versus placebo.

Empagliflozin improves heart function in type 2 diabetes patients

Not extracted from the authoritative source.

Clinician-reference record is usable with limitations in: arms, comparator.

Empagliflozin improves nighttime glycemia in type 1 diabetes

Glimepiride group

Patients received empagliflozin for 12 weeks after initial treatment.

Empagliflozin group

The empagliflozin group ( n = 33) showed no significant differences in ΔFMDs.

Patients received glimepiride for 12 weeks after initial treatment.

The glimepiride group ( n = 30) showed no significant differences in ΔFMDs.

Empagliflozin reduces body fluid volume in type 2 diabetes patients

Drug-naïve adolescents receiving empagliflozin for 26 weeks.

Drug-naïve adolescents and those not on active therapy received the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin for 26 weeks.

Drug-naïve adolescents receiving linagliptin for 26 weeks.

Linagliptin 5 mg

Drug-naïve adolescents and those not on active therapy received the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin for 26 weeks.

Drug-naïve adolescents receiving placebo for 26 weeks.

Participants from DINAMO + DINAMO MONO (hereinafter referred to as adolescents) were randomized to placebo (n = 9).

Young adults receiving empagliflozin for 24 weeks.

Empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg

Young adults were randomized to empagliflozin 10 or 25 mg for 24 weeks.

Young adults receiving sitagliptin for 24 weeks.

Sitagliptin 100 mg

Young adults were randomized to sitagliptin 100 mg for 24 weeks.

Young adults receiving placebo for 24 weeks.

Young adults were randomized to placebo for 24 weeks.

Empagliflozin reduces HbA1c in youth with type 2 diabetes

Metformin

Empagliflozin

Participants received a 16-week intermittent fasting plan consisting of 2 nonconsecutive fasting days and 5 days of habitual intake.

5:2 MR

Patients were randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either metformin, empagliflozin, or 5:2 MR.

Participants received metformin for 16 weeks.

Participants received empagliflozin for 16 weeks.

Intermittent Fasting Diet Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 1 study described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

1 supporting study does not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

1 study contains conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Upstream consistency scoring indicates mixed findings across the evidence.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 8 of 8 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 8 studies described adult participants.

1 relevant study has unresolved authoritative design evidence and does not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

2 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, usual_care.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved.

3 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 1 diabetes, 1 studies with type 2 diabetes. Age groups were heterogeneous: 2 studies with adult participants, 1 studies with youth participants.

2 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, other, usual_care.

4 of 5 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 10 of 11 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 5 studies with type 2 diabetes, 2 studies with type 1 diabetes. 8 studies described adult participants.

3 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

3 supporting studies do not have a displayable topic-matched quantitative effect.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, placebo, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

1 supporting study lacks usable structured population information.

4 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 4 studies described participants with type 1 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 8 of 8 supporting studies. 6 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 7 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 8 of 8 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 4 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. Age groups were heterogeneous: 4 studies with adult participants, 1 studies with youth participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo, usual_care.

5 of 8 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

3 of 3 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 1 studies with type 1 diabetes, 1 studies with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 13 of 13 supporting studies. 11 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 12 studies described adult participants.

4 relevant studies have unresolved authoritative design evidence and do not contribute to design-specific or RoB-specific claims.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, usual_care.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. Age groups were heterogeneous: 2 studies with adult participants, 1 studies with youth participants.

Structured population data were available for 12 of 12 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 9 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 12 studies described adult participants.

9 supporting studies have high, serious, critical, unclear, or unavailable risk-of-bias information.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 5 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 2 of 3 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, placebo, unknown_unresolved.

Structured population data were available for 10 of 10 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 8 studies with type 2 diabetes, 2 studies with type 1 diabetes. Age groups were heterogeneous: 8 studies with adult participants, 1 studies with youth participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, other, usual_care.

3 studies contain conflicting p-value and significance fields; those significance claims are suppressed.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. 2 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: other, usual_care.

2 of 4 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Structured population data were available for 4 of 4 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 5 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 11 of 11 supporting studies. 10 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 11 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 6 of 6 supporting studies. 6 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 6 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: active_comparator, baseline_within_group, unknown_unresolved, usual_care.

Structured population data were available for 7 of 7 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 5 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. 3 studies described participants with type 2 diabetes. 4 studies described adult participants.

Structured population data were available for 5 of 5 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 4 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 3 studies described adult participants.

Evidence uses heterogeneous comparison contexts: baseline_within_group, placebo, usual_care.

Empagliflozin × HbA1c

Available supporting studies