Structured population data were available for 3 of 3 supporting studies. Diabetes type was heterogeneous: 2 studies with type 2 diabetes, 1 studies with type 1 diabetes. 2 studies described adult participants.

1 of 2 studies with duration data have follow-up of 12 weeks or less.

Standard insulin therapy

Core clinician-reference fields are available or not applicable.

Participants randomized to receive hybrid closed-loop insulin therapy for 24 months.

Hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system

Participants were randomized to either hybrid closed-loop or standard insulin therapy for 24 months.

Participants randomized to receive standard insulin therapy for 24 months.

Authoritative quality diagnostic: age group conflict.

Hybrid Closed-Loop System Reduces Insulin Boluses in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

Control group (CG)

Patients received Semaglutide combined with insulin therapy.

Observation group (OG)

Patients were assigned to either a control group (CG, insulin therapy) or an observation group (OG, SEM + insulin).

Patients received conventional insulin therapy.

Semaglutide with Insulin Improves Diabetes Control and Kidney Health

Insulin dose adjustment without vildagliptin

Patients receiving vildagliptin treatment demonstrated significant reductions in HbA1c and GA levels.

Vildagliptin Group

Patients receiving vildagliptin treatment demonstrated significant reductions in HbA1c and GA levels (P<0.001 and P=0.009, respectively).

Patients who only had their insulin doses adjusted without adding vildagliptin.

The control group consisted of patients who only had their insulin doses adjusted without adding vildagliptin.

Insulin therapy × Glucose iAUC (OGTT)

Available supporting studies

Hybrid Closed-Loop System Reduces Insulin Boluses in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

Semaglutide with Insulin Improves Diabetes Control and Kidney Health

Vildagliptin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients on insulin